Solve each equation in Exercises 41–60 by making an appropriate substitution.
Ch. 1 - Equations and Inequalities

Capitolo 2, Problema 53
Solve each equation in Exercises 47–64 by completing the square.
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Start with the given quadratic equation: \(x^2 + 4x + 1 = 0\).
Move the constant term to the right side to isolate the \(x\) terms: \(x^2 + 4x = -1\).
To complete the square, take half of the coefficient of \(x\), which is 4, divide by 2 to get 2, then square it to get \(2^2 = 4\).
Add this square (4) to both sides of the equation to maintain equality: \(x^2 + 4x + 4 = -1 + 4\).
Rewrite the left side as a perfect square trinomial: \((x + 2)^2 = 3\). From here, you can proceed to solve for \(x\) by taking the square root of both sides.

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Completing the Square
Completing the square is a method used to solve quadratic equations by transforming the equation into a perfect square trinomial. This involves adding and subtracting a specific value to create a binomial squared, making it easier to solve for the variable.
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Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square
Quadratic Equations
A quadratic equation is a second-degree polynomial equation in the form ax² + bx + c = 0. Understanding its structure is essential for applying methods like completing the square, factoring, or using the quadratic formula to find the roots.
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Introduction to Quadratic Equations
Solving Equations Using Square Roots
Once a quadratic equation is written as a perfect square equal to a constant, you solve for the variable by taking the square root of both sides. This step introduces both positive and negative roots, which are critical for finding all solutions.
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Solving Quadratic Equations by the Square Root Property
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