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Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation
Sanders - Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach 3rd Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoSanders 3rd EditionCh. 9 - The Molecular Biology of TranslationProblema 23a
Capitolo 9, Problema 23a

The amino acid sequence of a portion of a polypeptide is
N...Cys-Pro-Ala-Met-Gly-His-Lys...C
What is the mRNA sequence encoding this polypeptide fragment? Use N to represent any nucleotide, Pu to represent a purine, and Py to represent a pyrimidine. Label the 5′ and 3′ ends of the mRNA.

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Step 1: Understand the relationship between amino acids and codons. Each amino acid is encoded by a specific set of three nucleotides (codon) in the mRNA sequence. The genetic code table can be used to identify the codons corresponding to each amino acid.
Step 2: Identify the codons for each amino acid in the sequence. For example, Cysteine (Cys) is encoded by UGU or UGC, Proline (Pro) by CCU, CCC, CCA, or CCG, Alanine (Ala) by GCU, GCC, GCA, or GCG, Methionine (Met) by AUG, Glycine (Gly) by GGU, GGC, GGA, or GGG, Histidine (His) by CAU or CAC, and Lysine (Lys) by AAA or AAG.
Step 3: Construct the mRNA sequence by selecting one codon for each amino acid. Since the problem specifies using 'N' for any nucleotide, 'Pu' for purines (A or G), and 'Py' for pyrimidines (C or U), you can incorporate these placeholders where needed.
Step 4: Label the 5′ and 3′ ends of the mRNA sequence. The mRNA sequence is always written in the 5′ to 3′ direction, which corresponds to the direction of translation.
Step 5: Ensure the sequence matches the amino acid order provided (N...Cys-Pro-Ala-Met-Gly-His-Lys...C) and includes placeholders (N, Pu, Py) as specified in the problem.

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Genetic Code

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA and RNA is translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins. Each amino acid is encoded by a specific sequence of three nucleotides, known as a codon. Understanding the genetic code is essential for determining the mRNA sequence that corresponds to a given polypeptide.
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Transcription

Transcription is the process by which the information in a gene's DNA sequence is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). During transcription, RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA by pairing complementary RNA nucleotides with the DNA template strand. This process is crucial for producing the mRNA that encodes the polypeptide fragment in the question.
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Codon-Amino Acid Relationship

The relationship between codons and amino acids is fundamental in molecular biology. Each codon, a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA, corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis. Knowing the amino acid sequence allows us to deduce the corresponding mRNA codons, which is necessary for answering the question about the mRNA sequence encoding the given polypeptide.
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