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Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation
Sanders - Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach 3rd Edition
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoSanders 3rd EditionCh. 9 - The Molecular Biology of TranslationProblema 24a
Capitolo 9, Problema 24a

Har Gobind Khorana and his colleagues performed numerous experiments translating synthetic mRNAs. In one experiment, an mRNA molecule with a repeating UG dinucleotide sequence was assembled and translated.
Write the sequence of this mRNA and give its polarity.

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Understand the problem: The mRNA molecule has a repeating UG dinucleotide sequence. This means the sequence alternates between U (Uracil) and G (Guanine) repeatedly. The task is to write the sequence and determine its polarity.
Step 1: Write the repeating sequence. Since the mRNA is composed of UG dinucleotides, the sequence will look like UGUGUGUG... and continue in this pattern.
Step 2: Recall the polarity of mRNA. mRNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, which means the sequence starts at the 5' end and ends at the 3' end.
Step 3: Combine the sequence and polarity. The full mRNA sequence will be written as 5'-UGUGUGUG...-3', indicating the directionality of the molecule.
Step 4: Confirm the understanding of polarity. The 5' end refers to the phosphate group attached to the fifth carbon of the ribose sugar, while the 3' end refers to the hydroxyl group attached to the third carbon of the ribose sugar. This polarity is crucial for processes like translation.

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mRNA Structure

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a single-stranded nucleic acid that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized. It is composed of nucleotide sequences, which include adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). The sequence of mRNA is determined by the template strand of DNA during transcription.
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03:49
Ribosome Structure

Polarity of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids, including mRNA, have polarity, which refers to the directionality of the molecule. mRNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, meaning that the 5' end has a phosphate group, while the 3' end has a hydroxyl group. This polarity is crucial for the processes of translation and replication.
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Point Mutations

Codons and Translation

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids during protein synthesis. The repeating UG dinucleotide sequence in the mRNA would be translated into a series of codons, affecting the resulting polypeptide chain. Understanding how codons are read is essential for predicting the amino acid sequence produced during translation.
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Translation initiation
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Har Gobind Khorana and his colleagues performed numerous experiments translating synthetic mRNAs. In one experiment, an mRNA molecule with a repeating UG dinucleotide sequence was assembled and translated.

If the genetic code were a doublet code instead of a triplet code, how would the result of this experiment be different?

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Har Gobind Khorana and his colleagues performed numerous experiments translating synthetic mRNAs. In one experiment, an mRNA molecule with a repeating UG dinucleotide sequence was assembled and translated.

What is the sequence of the resulting polypeptide?

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Har Gobind Khorana and his colleagues performed numerous experiments translating synthetic mRNAs. In one experiment, an mRNA molecule with a repeating UG dinucleotide sequence was assembled and translated.

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The amino acid sequence of a portion of a polypeptide is

N...Cys-Pro-Ala-Met-Gly-His-Lys...C

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