Domanda del libro di testo
Lactate can be converted into pyruvate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase and the coenzyme NAD+. Write the reaction in the standard biochemical format, using a curved arrow to show the involvement of NAD+.
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Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 22, Problema 47b
How many moles of ATP are produced by phosphorylation in the following?
b. Aerobic conversion of 1 mol of pyruvate to 1 mol of acetyl-CoA
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Understand the context: The aerobic conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA occurs in the mitochondria and is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. This process is part of cellular respiration and involves the production of NADH, which can later contribute to ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation.
Identify the key reaction: The conversion of 1 mol of pyruvate to 1 mol of acetyl-CoA produces 1 mol of NADH as a byproduct. This is a critical step because NADH is an electron carrier that will be used in the electron transport chain to generate ATP.
Determine the ATP yield from NADH: In the electron transport chain, each NADH molecule contributes to the production of approximately 2.5 moles of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. This is a standard value used in biochemistry.
Relate the NADH produced to ATP: Since 1 mol of pyruvate produces 1 mol of NADH during its conversion to acetyl-CoA, the ATP yield from this process can be calculated by multiplying the number of NADH molecules (1 mol) by the ATP yield per NADH (2.5 mol ATP per mol NADH).
Summarize the result: The total number of moles of ATP produced by phosphorylation during the aerobic conversion of 1 mol of pyruvate to 1 mol of acetyl-CoA is determined by the calculation in the previous step. This value represents the ATP contribution from this specific biochemical reaction.
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ATP Production
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy carrier in cells. During cellular respiration, ATP is produced through various metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Understanding how ATP is generated from substrates like pyruvate is crucial for answering questions about energy yield in metabolic processes.
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Percorso guidato
2:20
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Concept 2
Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA Conversion
The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is a key step in cellular respiration, linking glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. This process occurs in the mitochondria and involves the decarboxylation of pyruvate, releasing carbon dioxide and producing NADH. It is essential to recognize that this conversion does not directly produce ATP but is critical for subsequent ATP generation in the citric acid cycle.
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1:38Pyruvate Oxidation Concept 2
Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and other substrates into energy in the presence of oxygen. This process includes glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, leading to a high yield of ATP. Understanding the role of oxygen and the efficiency of ATP production in aerobic conditions is vital for analyzing energy outputs from metabolic pathways.
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2:46Aerobic Respiration Summary Concept 1
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How many moles of ATP are produced by phosphorylation in the following?
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