Domanda del libro di testo
Identify the type of food as carbohydrate, fat, or protein that gives each of the following digestion products:
d. glycerol
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Ch.18 Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 Chemistry in Our Lives11
- Ch.2 Chemistry and Measurements80
- Ch.3 Matter and Energy54
- Ch.4 Atoms and Elements51
- Ch.5 Nuclear Chemistry42
- Ch.6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds57
- Ch.7 Chemical Quantities and Reactions41
- Ch.8 Gases29
- Ch.9 Solutions51
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium65
- Ch.11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons78
- Ch.12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones83
- Ch.13 Carbohydrates54
- Ch.14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides90
- Ch.15 Lipids61
- Ch.16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes84
- Ch.17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis83
- Ch.18 Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production67
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
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Timberlake 13th EditionCh.18 Metabolic Pathways and ATP ProductionProblema 74c
Timberlake 13th EditionCh.18 Metabolic Pathways and ATP ProductionProblema 74cCapitolo 18, Problema 74c
Arachidic acid is a C20 fatty acid found in peanut and fish oils.
c. Calculate the total ATP yield from the complete β oxidation of arachidic acid by completing the following:
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Step 1: Understand the structure of arachidic acid. Arachidic acid is a saturated fatty acid with the molecular formula C₂₀H₄₀O₂. This means it has 20 carbon atoms in its chain, and no double bonds.
Step 2: Determine the number of β-oxidation cycles. Each β-oxidation cycle shortens the fatty acid chain by 2 carbons, producing 1 acetyl-CoA molecule. For a 20-carbon fatty acid, the number of β-oxidation cycles is (20/2) - 1 = 9 cycles.
Step 3: Calculate the ATP yield from β-oxidation. Each β-oxidation cycle produces 1 FADH₂ and 1 NADH. Using the ATP equivalents (1 FADH₂ = 1.5 ATP, 1 NADH = 2.5 ATP), calculate the ATP yield from the 9 cycles: (9 × 1.5 ATP) + (9 × 2.5 ATP).
Step 4: Calculate the ATP yield from acetyl-CoA. Each acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, producing 3 NADH, 1 FADH₂, and 1 GTP (equivalent to 1 ATP). For 10 acetyl-CoA molecules (from 20 carbons), calculate the total ATP yield: (10 × 3 × 2.5 ATP) + (10 × 1 × 1.5 ATP) + (10 × 1 ATP).
Step 5: Subtract the ATP cost for activation. The activation of the fatty acid to form fatty acyl-CoA requires 2 ATP. Subtract this value from the total ATP yield calculated in the previous steps to determine the net ATP yield.
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Beta-Oxidation
Beta-oxidation is the metabolic process by which fatty acids are broken down in the mitochondria to generate acetyl-CoA, NADH, and FADH2. Each cycle of beta-oxidation shortens the fatty acid chain by two carbon atoms, producing energy carriers that enter the citric acid cycle for ATP production. Understanding this process is crucial for calculating the total ATP yield from fatty acids like arachidic acid.
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Percorso guidato
02:32
Characteristics of Beta Particles
ATP Yield Calculation
The ATP yield from fatty acid oxidation is calculated by considering the number of acetyl-CoA molecules produced and the energy carriers generated. Each acetyl-CoA can produce 10 ATP through the citric acid cycle, while NADH and FADH2 contribute additional ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Knowing how to convert these energy carriers into ATP is essential for determining the total yield from arachidic acid.
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Percorso guidato
03:09Percent Yield
Fatty Acid Structure
Arachidic acid, a saturated fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms, has a specific structure that influences its metabolic breakdown. The length and saturation of the fatty acid chain affect the number of beta-oxidation cycles required and the total ATP yield. Understanding the structural characteristics of fatty acids is important for predicting their behavior during metabolism.
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0:55Fatty Acids Example 1
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