Identify each of the following reactions a to e in the β oxidation of palmitic acid, a C₁₆ fatty acid, as

(1) activation

(2) first oxidation

(3) hydration

(4) second oxidation

(5) cleavage

a. Palmitoyl CoA and FAD form α, β-unsaturated palmitoyl CoA and FADH₂.

Identify each of the following reactions a to e in the β oxidation of palmitic acid, a C₁₆ fatty acid, as

(1) activation

(2) first oxidation

(3) hydration

(4) second oxidation

(5) cleavage

c. Palmitic acid, CoA, and ATP form palmitoyl CoA.

Which of the following molecules will produce the most ATP per mole?

a. glucose or maltose

Which of the following molecules will produce the most ATP per mole?

d. glucose or caprylic acid (C₈)

Which of the following molecules will produce the most ATP per mole?

a. glucose or stearic acid (C₁₈)

Which of the following molecules will produce the most ATP per mole?

d. lauric acid (C₁₂) or palmitic acid (C₁₆)

Which of the following molecules will produce the most ATP per mole?

e. α-ketoglutarate or fumarate in one turn of the citric acid cycle