The cascade of complement activation is initiated by antibodies. In contrast, the cascade is activated by a direct interaction with complement proteins, and the cascade is activated by MBL associating with a pathogen.

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Identify the three complement activation pathways involved in the immune response: the classical pathway, the alternative pathway, and the lectin pathway.

Understand that the classical pathway is initiated by antibodies binding to antigens on the surface of pathogens, which then interact with complement proteins to start the cascade.

Recognize that the alternative pathway is activated directly by the presence of pathogen surfaces without the need for antibodies, involving spontaneous hydrolysis of complement proteins.

Know that the lectin pathway is triggered when mannose-binding lectin (MBL) binds to specific carbohydrate patterns on the surface of pathogens, initiating the complement cascade.

Fill in the blanks accordingly: the first blank corresponds to the classical pathway, the second to the alternative pathway, and the third to the lectin pathway.

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Classical Complement Pathway

The classical pathway is initiated when antibodies, specifically IgG or IgM, bind to antigens on a pathogen's surface. This antibody-antigen complex then activates the first complement protein, C1, triggering a cascade that leads to pathogen elimination.

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3) Classical Pathway

Alternative Complement Pathway

The alternative pathway is activated directly by complement proteins interacting with pathogen surfaces without the need for antibodies. It provides a rapid, antibody-independent defense by spontaneously activating complement components on microbial membranes.

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04:40

1) Alternative Pathway

Lectin Complement Pathway

The lectin pathway is initiated when mannose-binding lectin (MBL) binds to specific carbohydrate patterns on pathogens. This binding activates associated proteases, leading to complement activation similar to the classical pathway but independent of antibodies.

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