What is the molecular formula for a 5-carbon hydrocarbon with one $\pi$ bond and one ring?

What is the molecular formula for each of the following?

a. a 4-carbon hydrocarbon with two $\pi$ bonds and no rings

Name the following:

b.

What is the molecular formula for each of the following?

b. a 10-carbon hydrocarbon with one $\pi$ bond and 2 rings

Determine the degree of unsaturation for hydrocarbons with the following molecular formulas:

c. C₁₂H₂₀

d. C₄₀H₅₆

Determine the degree of unsaturation and then draw possible structures for noncyclic compounds with the following molecular formulas:

a. C₃H₆

Determine the degree of unsaturation and then draw possible structures for noncyclic compounds with the following molecular formulas:

b. C₃H₄

Several studies have shown that β-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, may play a role in preventing cancer. β-Carotene has a molecular formula of C₄₀H₅₆, and it contains two rings and no triple bonds. How many double bonds does it have?

What is each compound's systematic name?

a.

b.

What is each compound's systematic name?

c.

d.

What is each compound's systematic name?

e.

f.

What is each compound's systematic name?

g.

h.

a. How many vinylic hydrogens does cyclopentene have?

b. How many allylic hydrogens does it have?

Draw the structure for each of the following:

a. 3,3-dimethylcyclopentene

b. 6-bromo-2,3-dimethyl-2-hexene

Draw the structure for each of the following:

c. ethyl vinyl ether

d. allyl alcohol

How many carbons are in the planar double-bond system in the following compound?

How many carbons are in the planar double-bond system in each of the following compounds?

a.

b.

c.

Draw the isomers for the following compounds and then name each one:

a. 2-methyl-2,4-hexadiene

Draw the isomers for the following compounds and then name each one:

b. 2,4-heptadiene

Draw the isomers for the following compounds and then name each one:

c. 1,3-pentadiene

Identify the nucleophile and the electrophile in the following acid–base reactions:

a.

b.

Use curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in the following reaction steps

a.

b.

For each of the reactions in Problem 15, indicate which reactant is the nucleophile and which is the electrophile.

a.

b.

Calculate ∆G° for the conversion of “axial” methylcyclohexane to “equatorial” methylcyclohexane at 25 °C.

The ∆G° for conversion of “axial” fluorocyclohexane to “equatorial” fluorocyclohexane at 25 °C is -0.25kcal/mol. Calculate the percentage of fluorocyclohexane molecules that have the fluoro substituent in an equatorial position at equilibrium.

Calculate the percentage of isopropylcyclohexane molecules that have the isopropyl substituent in an equatorial position at equilibrium. (Its ∆G° value at 25 °C is -2.1 kcal/mol.)

Why is the percentage of molecules with the substituent in an equatorial position greater for isopropylcyclohexane than for fluorocyclohexane?

a. For which reaction in each set will ∆S° be more significant?

b. For which reaction will ∆S° be positive?

1. A ⇌ B or A + B ⇌ C

2. A ⇌ B + C or A + B ⇌ C + D

a. For a reaction with ∆H° = -12 kcal/mol and ∆S° = 0.01 kcal mol^-1 K^-1, calculate the ∆G° and the equilibrium constant at:

1. 30 °C and 2. 150 °C.

b. How does ∆G° change as T increases?

c. How does K_eq change as T increases?

What alkene would you start with if you wanted to synthesize

a. pentane?