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Ch 18: A Macroscopic Description of Matter
Knight Calc - Physics for Scientists and Engineers 5th Edition
Knight Calc5th EditionPhysics for Scientists and EngineersISBN: 9780137344796Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 18, Problema 44a

The semiconductor industry manufactures integrated circuits in large vacuum chambers where the pressure is 1.0×10-10 mm of Hg. What fraction is this of atmospheric pressure?

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Convert the given pressure in the vacuum chamber from mm of Hg to Pascals (Pa) using the conversion factor: 1 mm of Hg = 133.322 Pa. The pressure in the vacuum chamber is \( P_{vacuum} = 1.0 \times 10^{-10} \times 133.322 \) Pa.
Determine the atmospheric pressure in Pascals. Standard atmospheric pressure is \( P_{atm} = 101325 \) Pa.
Calculate the fraction of the vacuum chamber pressure to atmospheric pressure using the formula: \( \text{Fraction} = \frac{P_{vacuum}}{P_{atm}} \).
Substitute the values of \( P_{vacuum} \) and \( P_{atm} \) into the formula to compute the fraction.
Express the result as a dimensionless number, which represents the fraction of the vacuum chamber pressure relative to atmospheric pressure.

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Atmospheric Pressure

Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted by the weight of air above a given point, typically measured at sea level as approximately 1013.25 hPa (hectopascals) or 760 mm of Hg (millimeters of mercury). Understanding this baseline pressure is crucial for comparing other pressures, such as those found in vacuum chambers.
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Pressure and Atmospheric Pressure

Vacuum Pressure

Vacuum pressure refers to the pressure in a system that is lower than atmospheric pressure. It is often expressed in terms of mm of Hg or torr, where a perfect vacuum is 0 mm of Hg. In the context of the semiconductor industry, achieving a high vacuum (like 1.0×10^−10 mm of Hg) is essential for processes like deposition and etching, which require minimal contamination.
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Pressure and Atmospheric Pressure

Pressure Ratio Calculation

Calculating the fraction of a given pressure relative to atmospheric pressure involves dividing the pressure in question by the standard atmospheric pressure. This ratio helps quantify how much lower the vacuum pressure is compared to normal conditions, providing insight into the effectiveness of the vacuum system used in manufacturing processes.
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Calculating Pressure in Liquids
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