Name: Chemistry: The Central Science
Author: Brown
ISBN: 9780137542970

Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium

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Brown 15th Edition

Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium

문제 61e

Consider the following equilibrium, for which Δ𝐻<0

2 SO₂(𝑔) + O₂(𝑔) ⇌ 2 SO₃(𝑔)

(e) the total pressure of the system is increased by adding a noble gas

문제 61f

Consider the following equilibrium, for which Δ𝐻<0

2 SO₂(𝑔) + O₂(𝑔) ⇌ 2 SO₃(𝑔)

(f) How will each of the following changes affect an equilibrium mixture of the three gases: SO₃(𝑔) is removed from the system?

문제 62a,b,c

Consider the reaction 4 NH₃(𝑔) + 5 O₂(𝑔) ⇌ 4 NO(𝑔) + 6 H₂O(𝑔), Δ𝐻 = −904.4 kJ Does each of the following increase, decrease, or leave unchanged the yield of NO at equilibrium? (a) increase [NH₃] (b) increase [H₂O] (c) decrease [O₂]

문제 62d

Consider the reaction 4 NH₃(𝑔) + 5 O₂(𝑔) ⇌ 4 NO(𝑔) + 6 H₂O(𝑔), Δ𝐻 = −904.4 kJ Does each of the following increase, decrease, or leave unchanged the yield of NO at equilibrium? (d) decrease the volume of the container in which the reaction occurs

문제 62e

Consider the reaction 4 NH₃(𝑔) + 5 O₂(𝑔) ⇌ 4 NO(𝑔) + 6 H₂O(𝑔), Δ𝐻 = −904.4 kJ Does each of the following increase, decrease, or leave unchanged the yield of NO at equilibrium? (e) add a catalyst

문제 62f

Consider the reaction 4 NH₃(𝑔) + 5 O₂(𝑔) ⇌ 4 NO(𝑔) + 6 H₂O(𝑔), Δ𝐻 = −904.4 kJ Does each of the following increase, decrease, or leave unchanged the yield of NO at equilibrium? (f) increase temperature.

문제 63

How do the following changes affect the value of the equilibrium constant for a gas-phase exothermic reaction: (a) removal of a reactant, (b) removal of a product?

문제 64

For a certain gas-phase reaction, the fraction of products in an equilibrium mixture is increased by either increasing the temperature or by increasing the volume of the reaction vessel. Does the balanced chemical equation have more molecules on the reactant side or product side?

문제 65a

Consider the following equilibrium between oxides of nitrogen 3 NO(g) ⇌ NO₂(g) + N₂O(g) (a) At constant temperature, would a change in the volume of the container affect the fraction of products in the equilibrium mixture?

문제 66a

Methanol (CH₃OH) can be made by the reaction of CO with H₂: CO(𝑔) + 2 H₂(𝑔) ⇌ CH₃OH(𝑔) (a) Use thermochemical data in Appendix C to calculate ΔH° for this reaction.

문제 66b

Methanol (CH₃OH) can be made by the reaction of CO with H₂: CO(𝑔) + 2 H₂(𝑔) ⇌ CH₃OH(𝑔) (b) To maximize the equilibrium yield of methanol, would you use a high or low temperature?

문제 66c

Methanol (CH₃OH) can be made by the reaction of CO with H₂: CO(𝑔) + 2 H₂(𝑔) ⇌ CH₃OH(𝑔) (c) To maximize the equilibrium yield of methanol, would you use a high or low pressure?

문제 67

Ozone, O₃, decomposes to molecular oxygen in the stratosphere according to the reaction 2 O₃(𝑔) ⟶ 3 O₂(𝑔). Would increasing the pressure by decreasing the size of the reaction vessel favor the formation of ozone or of oxygen?

문제 69a

(a) Is the dissociation of fluorine molecules into atomic fluorine, F₂(𝑔) ⇌ 2 F(𝑔), an exothermic or endothermic process?

문제 69b

(b) If the temperature is raised by 100 K, does the equilibrium constant for this reaction increase or decrease?

문제 69c

(c) If the temperature is raised by 100 K, does the forward rate constant k_f increase by a larger or smaller amount than the reverse rate constant k_r?

문제 71

Both the forward reaction and the reverse reaction in the following equilibrium are believed to be elementary steps: CO(g) + Cl2(g) Δ COCl(g) + Cl(g). At 25 _x001F_C, the rate constants for the forward and reverse reactions are 1.4 * 10^-28 M^-1 s^-1 and 9.3 * 10^10 M^-1 s^-1, respectively. (a) What is the value for the equilibrium constant at 25 _x001F_C? (b) Are reactants or products more plentiful at equilibrium?

문제 73

A mixture of CH4 and H2O is passed over a nickel catalyst at 1000 K. The emerging gas is collected in a 5.00-L flask and is found to contain 8.62 g of CO, 2.60 g of H2, 43.0 g of CH4, and 48.4 g of H2O. Assuming that equilibrium has been reached, calculate Kc and Kp for the reaction CH4(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO(g) + 3H2(g).

문제 74a

When 2.00 mol of SO₂Cl₂ is placed in a 2.00-L flask at 303 K, 56% of the SO₂Cl₂ decomposes to SO₂ and Cl₂: SO₂Cl₂(g) ⇌ SO₂(g) + Cl₂(g) (a) Calculate K_c for this reaction at this temperature.

문제 74c

When 2.00 mol of SO₂Cl₂ is placed in a 2.00-L flask at 303 K, 56% of the SO₂Cl₂ decomposes to SO₂ and Cl₂: SO₂Cl₂(g) ⇌ SO₂(g) + Cl₂(g) (c) According to Le Châtelier's principle, would the percent of SO₂Cl₂ that decomposes increase, decrease or stay the same if the mixture were transferred to a 15.00-L vessel?

문제 75

The value of the equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction N2(g) + 3 H2(g) ⇌ 2 NH3(g) changes in the following manner as a function of temperature: Temperature (°C) Kc 300 9.6 400 0.50 500 0.058. (b) Use the standard enthalpies of formation given in Appendix C to determine the ΔH for this reaction at standard conditions. Does this value agree with your prediction from part (a)?

문제 76b

A sample of nitrosyl bromide (NOBr) decomposes according to the equation 2 NOBr(𝑔) ⇌ 2 NO(𝑔) + Br₂(𝑔) An equilibrium mixture in a 5.00-L vessel at 100°C contains 3.22 g of NOBr, 2.46 g of NO, and 6.55 g of Br₂. (b) What is the total pressure exerted by the mixture of gases?

문제 76c

A sample of nitrosyl bromide (NOBr) decomposes according to the equation 2 NOBr(𝑔) ⇌ 2 NO(𝑔) + Br₂(𝑔) An equilibrium mixture in a 5.00-L vessel at 100°C contains 3.22 g of NOBr, 2.46 g of NO, and 6.55 g of Br₂. (c) What was the mass of the original sample of NOBr?

문제 77c

Consider the hypothetical reaction A(𝑔) ⇌ 2 B(𝑔). A flask is charged with 0.75 atm of pure A, after which it is allowed to reach equilibrium at 0°C. At equilibrium, the partial pressure of A is 0.36 atm. (c) To maximize the yield of product B, would you make the reaction flask larger or smaller?

문제 78b

As shown in Table 15.2, the equilibrium constant for the reaction N₂(g) + 3 H₂(g) ⇌ 2 NH₃(g) is K_p = 4.34 × 10^-3 at 300°C. Pure NH₃ is placed in a 1.00-L flask and allowed to reach equilibrium at this temperature. There are 1.05 g NH₃ in the equilibrium mixture. (b) What was the initial mass of ammonia placed in the vessel?

문제 79

For the equilibrium 2 IBr(g) ⇌ I2(g) + Br2(g), Kp = 8.5 * 10^-3 at 150 _x001F_C. If 0.025 atm of IBr is placed in a 2.0-L container, what is the partial pressure of all substances after equilibrium is reached?

문제 80b

For the equilibrium PH₃BCl₃(𝑠) ⇌ PH₃(𝑔) + BCl₃(𝑔) 𝐾_𝑝 = 0.052 at 60°C. (b) A closed 1.500-L vessel at 60°C is charged with 0.0500 g of BCl₃(𝑔); 3.00 g of solid PH₃BCl₃ is then added to the flask, and the system is allowed to equilibrate. What is the equilibrium concentration of PH₃?

문제 81

Solid NH4SH is introduced into an evacuated flask at 24 _x001F_C. The following reaction takes place: NH4SH(s) ⇌ NH3(g) + H2S(g). At equilibrium, the total pressure (for NH3 and H2S taken together) is 0.614 atm. What is Kp for this equilibrium at 24 _x001F_C?

문제 82

A 0.831-g sample of SO₃ is placed in a 1.00-L container and heated to 1100 K. The SO₃ decomposes to SO₂ and O₂: 2SO₃(𝑔) ⇌ 2 SO₂(𝑔) + O₂(𝑔) At equilibrium, the total pressure in the container is 1.300 atm. Find the values of 𝐾_𝑝 and 𝐾_𝑐 for this reaction at 1100 K.

문제 84b

Nitric oxide (NO) reacts readily with chlorine gas as follows: 2 NO(𝑔) + Cl₂(𝑔) ⇌ 2 NOCl(𝑔) At 700 K, the equilibrium constant 𝐾_𝑝 for this reaction is 0.26. For each of the following mixtures at this temperature, indicate whether the mixture is at equilibrium, or, if not, whether it needs to produce more products or reactants to reach equilibrium. (b) 𝑃_NO= 0.12atm, 𝑃_Cl2= 0.10atm, 𝑃_NOCl= 0.050atm