If a single bacteriophage infects one E. coli cell present on a lawn of bacteria and, upon lysis, yields 200 viable viruses, how many phages will exist in a single plaque if three more lytic cycles occur?

검증된 단계별 안내

Understand the problem: A single bacteriophage infects one E. coli cell and produces 200 viable viruses after one lytic cycle. We need to find how many phages will be present after three additional lytic cycles.

Recall that each lytic cycle multiplies the number of phages by the burst size (number of viruses produced per infected cell). Here, the burst size is 200.

Set up the calculation: After the first infection, there are 200 phages. After one more lytic cycle, the number of phages will be multiplied by 200 again, and this repeats for each additional cycle.

Express the total number of phages after three more lytic cycles as an exponential growth: \$200^{n}$, where $n$ is the number of cycles. Since we start with 200 after the first cycle, after three more cycles, the total phages will be $200 \times 200^{3}$.

Calculate the total number of phages by multiplying the initial burst size by itself for the number of additional cycles, i.e., \$200^{4}$, but do not compute the final number as per instructions.

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주요 개념

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Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

The lytic cycle is a viral replication process where a bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell, replicates its genome, produces new phage particles, and causes the host cell to lyse, releasing progeny viruses. Each cycle results in a burst of new phages, quantified as the burst size.

Burst Size

Burst size refers to the number of new phage particles released from a single infected bacterial cell after lysis. It is a critical parameter for calculating phage population growth during successive lytic cycles, as each cycle multiplies the phage count by the burst size.

Plaque Formation and Dilution Assays

Plaques are clear zones on a bacterial lawn caused by phage-induced lysis of bacteria. Dilution assays help quantify phage concentration by counting plaques at different dilution factors, linking the number of plaques to the number of infectious phage particles in the sample.