The human β-globin polypeptide contains 146 amino acids. How many mRNA nucleotides are required to encode this polypeptide?

검증된 단계별 안내

span>Step 1: Understand the relationship between amino acids and mRNA nucleotides. Each amino acid is encoded by a codon, which is a sequence of three mRNA nucleotides.

span>Step 2: Calculate the total number of codons needed for the β-globin polypeptide. Since the polypeptide contains 146 amino acids, you will need 146 codons.

span>Step 3: Determine the total number of mRNA nucleotides required. Multiply the number of codons (146) by the number of nucleotides per codon (3).

span>Step 4: Consider any additional nucleotides that might be required for the mRNA, such as start and stop codons, but for the purpose of this calculation, focus on the coding sequence.

span>Step 5: Conclude with the total number of mRNA nucleotides needed to encode the 146 amino acids of the β-globin polypeptide.

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주요 개념

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Genetic Code

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Each amino acid is encoded by a sequence of three nucleotides, known as a codon. Understanding this code is essential for determining how many nucleotides are needed to encode a specific polypeptide.

mRNA and Codons

mRNA, or messenger RNA, is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized. Each codon in mRNA corresponds to a specific amino acid in the polypeptide chain. Since each amino acid is represented by a triplet of nucleotides, the total number of nucleotides required can be calculated by multiplying the number of amino acids by three.

Polypeptide Length and Nucleotide Calculation

The length of a polypeptide is determined by the number of amino acids it contains. To find the number of mRNA nucleotides required to encode a polypeptide, one must multiply the number of amino acids by three, as each amino acid is encoded by a triplet of nucleotides. Additionally, one must consider that the mRNA sequence does not include a stop codon in this calculation, as it is not part of the amino acid sequence.