Ch 38: Quantization

Knight Calc - Physics for Scientists and Engineers 5th Edition

Knight Calc5th EditionPhysics for Scientists and EngineersISBN: 9780137344796당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경

Knight Calc 5th Edition

Ch 38: Quantization

문제 30

38장, 문제 30

What is the radius of a hydrogen atom whose electron moves at 7.3×10⁵ m/s?

검증된 단계별 안내

Understand that the problem involves the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, which describes the electron orbiting the nucleus in quantized energy levels. The radius of the orbit can be determined using the centripetal force provided by the Coulomb force.

Write the expression for the centripetal force:

F

_c = mv²r, where

m

is the mass of the electron,

v

is its velocity, and

r

is the radius of the orbit.

Write the expression for the Coulomb force:

F

_C = ke²r², where

k

is Coulomb's constant, and

e

is the charge of the electron.

Set the centripetal force equal to the Coulomb force:

\frac{m}{v}

²r = ke²r². Solve for

r

by isolating it on one side of the equation.

Substitute the known values:

m = 9.11 × 10

^-31 kg,

v = 7.3 × 10

⁵ m/s,

k = 8.99 × 10

⁹ N·m²/C², and

e = 1.6 × 10

^-19 C. Simplify the expression to find the radius

r

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Bohr Model of the Atom

The Bohr model describes the hydrogen atom as having electrons in fixed orbits around the nucleus, with quantized energy levels. According to this model, the radius of the electron's orbit can be calculated using specific formulas that relate the electron's velocity and the fundamental constants of the atom.

Centripetal Force

In the context of atomic structure, centripetal force is the force that keeps the electron in its circular orbit around the nucleus. This force is provided by the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged nucleus and the negatively charged electron, and it can be equated to the required centripetal force for circular motion.

Quantization of Angular Momentum

In the Bohr model, angular momentum of the electron is quantized, meaning it can only take on certain discrete values. This principle leads to the derivation of specific radii for electron orbits, where the angular momentum is an integer multiple of Planck's constant divided by 2π, influencing the size of the hydrogen atom.