21. Principles of Disease

Characteristics of Infectious Disease Practice Problems

21. Principles of Disease

Characteristics of Infectious Disease Practice Problems

99 problems

Previous Topic: The Human Microbiome

Next Topic: Stages of Infectious Disease Progression

1PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following is correctly described as the origin/source of a disease:

2PRACTICE PROBLEM

Nosocomial infections are acquired in which location:

3PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following statements about reservoirs of infection is false?

4PRACTICE PROBLEM

All of the following are the common causes of the emergence of dengue except:

5PRACTICE PROBLEM

A group of hikers embarking on a trek through a national park have all developed gastrointestinal symptoms consistent with Giardiasis (caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia). One hiker is experiencing symptoms for the second time. What is the most likely source of their infections?

6PRACTICE PROBLEM

COVID-19 can gain entry into the body through which of the following:

7PRACTICE PROBLEM

What is autoinoculation in the context of impetigo?

8PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following diseases share a common portal of entry?

9PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which trimester of pregnancy is particularly critical regarding the risk of fetal damage if rubella is contracted?

10PRACTICE PROBLEM

What is the characteristic manifestation seen in the oral mucosa of individuals infected with measles?

11PRACTICE PROBLEM

What condition involves the spread of HSV-1 infection to the brain, leading to inflammation and potentially severe neurological symptoms?

12PRACTICE PROBLEM

Rose, who babysits a child in her neighborhood, noticed papules and severe local itching on both of her hands. Identify what her condition might be.

13PRACTICE PROBLEM

A boy who had a ring-shaped rash in his groin was found positive for the fungus Malassezia. What term is used to describe this type of fungal infection of the skin?

14PRACTICE PROBLEM

Choose the statement that correctly describes fungal infections:

15PRACTICE PROBLEM

Koplik spots are pathognomonic for which disease:

16PRACTICE PROBLEM

Lily was two months pregnant when she contracted rubella. She asked her obstetrician if rubella could affect her baby. Which of the following is/are complication/s of rubella in pregnant women:

17PRACTICE PROBLEM

Patients who are infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa would present with the following, except:

18PRACTICE PROBLEM

Acanthamoeba keratitis is caused by which of the following:

19PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following can be observed through the gram staining method?

20PRACTICE PROBLEM

Sporotrichosis is an infection caused by the ovoid-shaped Sporothrix which is a type of:

21PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following microbes will show gram-positive spherical structures under microscopic examination?

22PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following is matched correctly?

23PRACTICE PROBLEM

Poliomyelitis is a highly infectious viral disease caused by the poliovirus. It can affect people of any age. What is the primary mode of its transmission?

24PRACTICE PROBLEM

The following are known vectors of rabies, except:

25PRACTICE PROBLEM

Rodents are not reservoirs for which of the following bacterial diseases?

26PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following is not a vector-transmitted disease?

27PRACTICE PROBLEM

What is another name for tularemia that is caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis?

28PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following disease is transmitted by kissing bugs?

29PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus:

30PRACTICE PROBLEM

The following are viral infections that are linked to congenital deformities, except:

31PRACTICE PROBLEM

Viral hemorrhagic fever is expected in which of the following:

32PRACTICE PROBLEM

John is working on a farm handling sheep wool. One day he felt mild fever, coughing, and some chest pain. His attending physician recommended him to take doxycycline or ciprofloxacin. He likely got the disease from:

33PRACTICE PROBLEM

A patient developed a flu-like disease with a high fever and headache. He told the doctor that he was most likely bitten by a tick, following which the doctor checked for bull's eye rash and found none. Subsequently, the doctor prescribed him tetracycline (250 mg three times a day), and his condition improved within 48 hours. Identify the most likely disease he was suffering from.

34PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which antibodies are typically detected to determine a current infection of toxoplasmosis, especially crucial during pregnancy?

35PRACTICE PROBLEM

What is the final stage of severe infection when low blood pressure can no longer be controlled by addition of fluids?

36PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following is a tickborne disease?

37PRACTICE PROBLEM

What is another name for brucellosis due to its characteristic fever pattern?

38PRACTICE PROBLEM

A patient was hospitalized with fever, jaundice, and rose-colored skin spots. After 5 days, the fever subsides, but three relapses occur. Which of the following statements about relapses in relapsing fever is true, given that spirochetes were found in his blood?

39PRACTICE PROBLEM

How is the reddish appearance of the lungs in pneumococcal pneumonia related to pathogenesis?

40PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which toxin of Bordetella pertussis enters the bloodstream and causes systemic symptoms?

41PRACTICE PROBLEM

What characteristic feature is seen in the throat of individuals with diphtheria?

42PRACTICE PROBLEM

What was the causative agent of the "black death" that occurred during the 14th century in Europe:

43PRACTICE PROBLEM

If a person has genital herpes, all of the following can be felt after a week of incubation period except:

44PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following infections can cause adverse impacts on the fetus?

45PRACTICE PROBLEM

"Thrush" typically refers to an infection caused by:

46PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following can result in foul, greenish-yellow, and frothy discharge?

47PRACTICE PROBLEM

What can potentially lead to Candida albicans causing disease in the human body?

48PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following diseases are spread through both direct and indirect transmission:

49PRACTICE PROBLEM

Compute the prevalence rate of a sample disease when it has infected 10,000 people in a city with 50,000 residents:

50PRACTICE PROBLEM

All of the following are commonly used public health strategies to control disease except:

51PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following is an example of crude mortality rate?

52PRACTICE PROBLEM

Choose which statement is INCORRECT:

53PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following describes analytical epidemiology?

54PRACTICE PROBLEM

All of the following are public information that the CDC can provide, except:

55PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following assesses the exposure to a potential hazard within a specified population at a single point in time?

56PRACTICE PROBLEM

What defines sporadic cases of disease?

57PRACTICE PROBLEM

Studying the risk of developing lung cancer among smokers and non-smokers is an example of what epidemiological study?

58PRACTICE PROBLEM

A person can contract HIV through the following, except:

59PRACTICE PROBLEM

An environment where pathogenic microorganisms can survive and propagate, potentially infecting susceptible individuals, is known as:

60PRACTICE PROBLEM

HIV pathogens are managed in BSL-2 facilities because:

61PRACTICE PROBLEM

At what Biosafety Level (BSL) are pathogens handled if they are considered lethal to humans, have unidentified transmission methods, and cause diseases without known cures or treatments?

62PRACTICE PROBLEM

Choose the correct statement:

I. The common cold and COVID-19 are both caused by the coronavirus

II. SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19

63PRACTICE PROBLEM

Why do physicians advise annual vaccinations for the flu?

64PRACTICE PROBLEM

A 14-year-old presents with the following symptoms: low-grade fever, malaise, and vesicular rashes on the scalp, face, trunk, and proximal limbs. Based on the symptoms, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

65PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following diseases is not correctly associated with its causative agent?

66PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following is true regarding latent tuberculosis and active tuberculosis?

67PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following medical terms is not correctly matched with its description?

68PRACTICE PROBLEM

Identify which of the following is inaccurate concerning the differences between rubella and rubeola.

69PRACTICE PROBLEM

A three-year-old had a sudden high fever of 104°F for two days, followed by a rash that covered the majority of his body. The doctor has diagnosed it as roseola. Identify which of the following viruses cause roseola.

70PRACTICE PROBLEM

Shingles, sometimes called herpes zoster, is a viral disease that develops when the varicella-zoster virus reactivates (VZV). The reactivation of VZV usually occurs in individuals who have previously had which disease?

71PRACTICE PROBLEM

Aseptic meningitis is associated with which of the following:

72PRACTICE PROBLEM

Listeriosis poses the greatest risk to which of the following:

73PRACTICE PROBLEM

In evaluating a patient with flu-like symptoms, which travel history should prompt consideration for exposure to West Nile virus?

74PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following is a hallmark neuropathological feature of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?

75PRACTICE PROBLEM

In addition to vaccination, what other measure is crucial for controlling rotavirus outbreaks in childcare settings?

76PRACTICE PROBLEM

Pathogens included in TORCH infections are most detrimental for the following demographics:

77PRACTICE PROBLEM

Choose which statement is NOT associated with candidiasis:

78PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following is a quick and simple diagnostic tool commonly used in gynecological examinations to aid in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis?

79PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following vaginal microbiota helps establish a protective barrier against infections in the vagina?

80PRACTICE PROBLEM

Penicillin G would be the best medication to suggest for treatment of which disorder?

81PRACTICE PROBLEM

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Which of the following is the most appropriate medication to prescribe for this illness?

82PRACTICE PROBLEM

Young, sexually active women have a higher likelihood of developing uncomplicated UTIs due to the following factors, except:

83PRACTICE PROBLEM

If a person is infected with a bacterium that is classified as a spirochete, it is possible that they could have:

84PRACTICE PROBLEM

Choose which statement is incorrect about sexually transmitted infections:

85PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following statements about lesions associated with sexually transmitted infections is correct?

86PRACTICE PROBLEM

Choose which of the following paired terms is correct:

87PRACTICE PROBLEM

A student from Montana just came back from Puerto Rico after a few days with a fever, rashes, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and mucosal bleeding. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis based on the presenting symptoms?

88PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following is not related to dengue fever?

89PRACTICE PROBLEM

The following are all known causes of hemorrhagic fever, except:

90PRACTICE PROBLEM

What is the primary mode of transmission of the Lassa virus in humans?

91PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following individuals are more susceptible to infections and less capable of fighting off pathogens effectively?

92PRACTICE PROBLEM

Epstein-Bar virus is associated with which of the following disorders?

93PRACTICE PROBLEM

In which of the following individuals would latent infections turn into opportunistic infections?

94PRACTICE PROBLEM

Reverse transcriptase antiviral medications are a class of drugs used to treat certain viral infections, particularly those caused by which of the following viruses?

95PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following statements is not correct regarding endocarditis?

96PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following is not an example of zoonotic disease?

97PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following primarily damages blood vessels by releasing toxins that directly harm the cells lining the blood vessels?

98PRACTICE PROBLEM

What is the most effective way to stop the propagation of insect vectors that cause dengue, malaria, and zika?

99PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following is/are the etiologic agent(s) of malaria?

Previous Topic: The Human Microbiome

Next Topic: Stages of Infectious Disease Progression