in-which-direction-does-the-pumping-of-protons-occur-in-gram-negative-bacteria-t

Question

In which direction does the pumping of protons occur in Gram-negative bacteria to generate proton motive force (PMF)?

Accepted Answer

From the cytoplasm into the periplasmic space

Answer

From the periplasmic space into the cytoplasm

Answer

From the outer membrane to extracellular environment

Answer

From the cytoplasm to nucleoplasm