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Carbohydrates quiz

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  • What is the general chemical formula for simple carbohydrates like glucose?
    The general formula is Cn(H2O)n, where n is the number of carbon atoms.
  • What functional group is characteristic of carbohydrates?
    Carbohydrates are characterized by the presence of multiple hydroxyl (–OH) groups.
  • What is the Greek-derived term for carbohydrates and what does it mean?
    Carbohydrates are also called saccharides, which means sugars.
  • How do complex carbohydrates differ from simple carbohydrates in terms of composition?
    Complex carbohydrates may contain additional elements like phosphorus, nitrogen, or sulfur and do not always fit the Cn(H2O)n formula.
  • What is the most abundant monosaccharide and its chemical formula?
    Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide, with the formula C6H12O6.
  • What are the three size classes of carbohydrates?
    The three size classes are monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
  • How many sugar units are found in oligosaccharides?
    Oligosaccharides contain between 2 and 20 covalently linked monosaccharide units.
  • What type of bond links monosaccharides together in polysaccharides?
    Monosaccharides are linked by glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides.
  • What reaction forms polysaccharides from monosaccharides?
    Polysaccharides are formed by dehydration synthesis, which removes a water molecule to link monosaccharides.
  • What reaction breaks down polysaccharides into monosaccharides?
    Hydrolysis breaks down polysaccharides into individual monosaccharides by adding water.
  • What is the main structural polysaccharide in plant cell walls?
    Cellulose is the main structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls.
  • Which polysaccharide provides structural support in animal exoskeletons?
    Chitin provides structural support in the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans.
  • What is the primary energy storage polysaccharide in plants?
    Starch is the main energy storage polysaccharide in plants.
  • What is the primary energy storage polysaccharide in animals?
    Glycogen is the main energy storage polysaccharide in animals.
  • What are the two main functions of carbohydrates in cells?
    Carbohydrates provide structural support and serve as short-term energy storage.