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Introduction to Translation quiz

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  • What is the main function of translation in the cell?
    Translation builds proteins by using the encoded messages of mRNA.
  • What are the two main components that ribosomes are made of?
    Ribosomes are made of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
  • What is the role of tRNAs during translation?
    tRNAs carry amino acids to the ribosome and help match them to the correct mRNA codons.
  • What is an anticodon, and where is it found?
    An anticodon is a three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA that pairs with a codon on mRNA.
  • What does it mean for a tRNA to be 'charged'?
    A charged tRNA is attached to an amino acid; this has nothing to do with electrical charge.
  • What is a 'discharged' tRNA?
    A discharged tRNA is not attached to an amino acid because it has already delivered its amino acid.
  • What are the two subunits of a ribosome called?
    The two subunits are the small ribosomal subunit and the large ribosomal subunit.
  • What are the sizes of the prokaryotic ribosomal subunits and the complete ribosome?
    The small subunit is 30S, the large subunit is 50S, and the complete ribosome is 70S.
  • What are the sizes of the eukaryotic ribosomal subunits and the complete ribosome?
    The small subunit is 40S, the large subunit is 60S, and the complete ribosome is 80S.
  • What does the 'S' in ribosomal subunit sizes stand for?
    The 'S' stands for Svedberg unit, which describes how the ribosome sediments during centrifugation.
  • What are the three tRNA binding sites on the ribosome called?
    The three sites are the A site (aminoacyl), P site (peptidyl), and E site (exit).
  • What happens at the A site of the ribosome?
    Charged tRNAs carrying amino acids enter the ribosome at the A site.
  • What is the function of the P site in the ribosome?
    The P site holds the tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain.
  • What occurs at the E site of the ribosome?
    Discharged tRNAs, which are no longer attached to amino acids, exit the ribosome through the E site.
  • Describe the movement of tRNAs through the ribosome during translation.
    tRNAs enter at the A site, move to the P site as the polypeptide grows, and then exit through the E site.