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Trachoma quiz

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  • What bacterium causes trachoma?
    Trachoma is caused by specific ocular serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis.
  • Is trachoma caused by the same serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis that cause genital infections?
    No, trachoma is caused by different serotypes than those responsible for genital chlamydia infections.
  • How does Chlamydia trachomatis cause damage in trachoma?
    It infects and multiplies inside conjunctival cells, causing inflammation, pus discharge, and scarring.
  • What is trichiasis and how is it related to trachoma?
    Trichiasis is a condition where eyelashes turn inward, often due to conjunctival scarring from repeated trachoma infections, leading to corneal damage.
  • How is trachoma primarily transmitted?
    Trachoma spreads via fomites, physical contact, and contaminated flies, especially in crowded, unsanitary conditions.
  • What are fomites and how do they relate to trachoma transmission?
    Fomites are inanimate objects or surfaces that can carry infectious agents, such as towels, which can spread trachoma.
  • What are the main symptoms of trachoma?
    Symptoms include chronic inflammation, pus-filled eye discharge, and conjunctival scarring.
  • Why is trachoma considered a disease of poverty?
    Because it is associated with crowded living conditions, poor sanitation, and limited access to medical care.
  • How is trachoma diagnosed in areas without laboratory facilities?
    It is often diagnosed through visual inspection of the eye.
  • What laboratory test can confirm trachoma?
    A conjunctival swab can be used to detect Chlamydia trachomatis cells.
  • What is the main antibiotic used to treat trachoma?
    Azithromycin is commonly used, usually administered orally.
  • Why are oral antibiotics preferred over eye drops for trachoma treatment?
    Oral antibiotics treat the whole body, including areas like the nasopharynx where the bacteria may persist.
  • When might surgery be necessary in trachoma cases?
    Surgery may be needed in advanced cases to correct eyelid deformities and prevent further eye damage.
  • Is complete immunity to trachoma possible after infection?
    No, full immunity is not possible, though repeated infections and treatments may provide some protection.
  • Why is prevention and timely treatment important in trachoma?
    Because immunity is incomplete, prevention and early antibiotic therapy are crucial to reduce the risk of blindness.