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Basic Microbiology Genetics Terms

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Terms in this set (5)

  • Gene

    A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or RNA molecule, determining hereditary traits.

  • Genome

    The genome is the complete set of genetic material in an organism, including all of its genes and non-coding sequences.

  • Genotype

    Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, the specific set of alleles it carries.

  • Phenotype

    Phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, resulting from genotype and environment.

  • Plasmid

    A plasmid is a small, circular DNA molecule found in bacteria that replicates independently and can carry genes for antibiotic resistance or other functions.