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Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes: Cell Structure

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  • What macromolecules are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
    Both contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.
  • What basic cellular processes do prokaryotes and eukaryotes share?
    Both use the same basic chemical reactions for metabolism, protein synthesis, and energy storage.
  • How is DNA organized in prokaryotic cells?
    DNA is not enclosed by a membrane, usually a single circular chromosome, and no histones are present.
  • How is DNA organized in eukaryotic cells?
    DNA is enclosed in a nucleus with a nuclear membrane, has multiple chromosomes, and is associated with histones.
  • Do prokaryotes have membrane-enclosed organelles?
    No, prokaryotes lack membrane-enclosed organelles such as nucleus, mitochondria, or chloroplasts.
  • What membrane-bound organelles are found in eukaryotic cells?
    Eukaryotes have many membrane-bound organelles including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and sometimes chloroplasts.
  • What is the main component of the prokaryotic cell wall?
    Prokaryotic cell walls usually contain peptidoglycan.
  • How does the eukaryotic cell wall differ from the prokaryotic cell wall?
    When present, eukaryotic cell walls are chemically simpler and do not contain peptidoglycan.
  • What type of cell division do prokaryotes undergo?
    Prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission.
  • What type of cell division do eukaryotes undergo?
    Eukaryotes divide by mitosis.