Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immunity involves B cells and the production of antibodies, while cell-mediated immunity involves T cells and the direct killing of infected cells.

Question 2

A patient receives an injection of pre-formed antibodies after exposure to rabies. Which type of acquired immunity is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 3

Which of the following statements about antigens is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Antigens are typically macromolecules such as proteins or polysaccharides that can trigger an immune response.

Question 4

Which part of the antibody molecule is responsible for binding to antigens?

Accepted Answer

The variable regions of both the heavy and light chains

Question 5

A hapten can only elicit an immune response when:

Accepted Answer

It is attached to a larger carrier molecule

Question 6

Which antibody class is most effective at agglutinating pathogens due to its pentameric structure and high valency?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 7

During a secondary humoral immune response, which antibody is produced in the greatest quantity and with the highest affinity?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 8

Which of the following best explains the purpose of clonal deletion during B cell development?

Accepted Answer

To eliminate self-reactive B cells and prevent autoimmune diseases

Question 9

A child is exposed to chickenpox and develops immunity after recovering. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired active immunity

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding T-dependent and T-independent humoral responses?

Accepted Answer

T-dependent responses require T helper cells and typically result in the production of high-affinity antibodies and memory cells.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of cytokines in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Cytokines are signaling proteins that regulate the intensity and duration of immune responses.

Question 12

Which cell type is characterized by the presence of CD8 on its surface and is responsible for killing virus-infected cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)

Question 13

Which of the following statements about MHC molecules is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

MHC class I molecules are found on all nucleated cells and present antigens to CD8+ T cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of T helper (TH) cells after activation?

Accepted Answer

They secrete cytokines that help activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and MHC class II molecules?

Accepted Answer

APCs express MHC class II molecules to present antigens to CD4+ T helper cells.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about natural killer (NK) cells?

Accepted Answer

They do not have antigen-specific surface receptors and can kill virus-infected or tumor cells.

Question 17

A patient receives a booster vaccine. Which of the following best explains the immunological basis for this practice?

Accepted Answer

Booster vaccines stimulate memory B cells to produce a rapid and strong secondary antibody response.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the interrelationship between humoral and cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

T helper cells activate B cells, linking cell-mediated and humoral responses.

Question 19

A laboratory test detects the presence of antibodies in a patient's serum. Which of the following cell types is directly responsible for producing these antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a T-independent humoral response?

Accepted Answer

A B cell is activated by a polysaccharide antigen without T cell help and produces mainly IgM antibodies.

Adaptive Immune Response: Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity

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