Question 1

Which of the following best describes adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

An immune response that targets specific pathogens and develops after exposure

Question 2

Where do B cells and T cells undergo differentiation in the human body?

Accepted Answer

B cells in the bone marrow, T cells in the thymus

Question 3

Which of the following best defines an antigen (Ag)?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that triggers a specific immune response

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct example of artificially acquired passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving an injection of antiserum after a snake bite

Question 5

What is the main function of immunoglobulins?

Accepted Answer

To recognize and bind to specific antigens

Question 6

Which antibody class is most abundant in serum and is responsible for secondary immune responses?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 7

A patient receives a flu vaccine and later develops immunity. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 8

Which of the following best describes an epitope?

Accepted Answer

A small region on an antigen recognized by an antibody

Question 9

What is the role of T helper cells in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They assist B cells in producing plasma cells and memory cells

Question 10

Which of the following statements about haptens is correct?

Accepted Answer

Haptens are small molecules that become antigenic only when attached to a carrier protein

Question 11

During a secondary immune response, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Memory B cells rapidly produce large amounts of IgG

Question 12

Which process leads to an inflammatory response in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Necrosis

Question 13

What is the function of Natural Killer (NK) cells?

Accepted Answer

They directly destroy virus-infected and tumor cells without prior sensitization

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I)?

Accepted Answer

A protein complex present on all nucleated cells that presents endogenous antigens

Question 15

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for inducing fever as part of the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-1

Question 16

A bacterial capsule can act as a T-independent antigen. What does this mean for the immune response?

Accepted Answer

It can directly stimulate B cells to produce antibodies without T cell help

Question 17

Which of the following best describes clonal selection?

Accepted Answer

The activation and proliferation of B cells that recognize a specific antigen

Question 18

Which type of T cell is primarily responsible for directly killing infected host cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cell (CD8+)

Question 19

Which of the following best defines cytokines?

Accepted Answer

Small proteins released by cells that regulate immune responses

Question 20

A patient is exposed to a pathogen and develops a primary immune response. Which equation best represents the exponential increase in antibody concentration during the initial phase, assuming a doubling every day for $$n$$ days, starting with $$A_0$$ antibodies?

Accepted Answer

$$A = A_0$ 	imes 2^n$$

Adaptive Immunity, Antigens, Antibodies, and Immune System Concepts – Microbiology Exam 4 Study Guide

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