Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the five distinctive characteristics of adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Immediate response

Question 2

A patient receives a vaccine containing inactivated virus particles. Which type of immunity is primarily being stimulated?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 3

Which cell type is primarily responsible for antibody production in the humoral immune response?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of MHC Class I molecules?

Accepted Answer

Present endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T cells

Question 5

Which immunoglobulin is most abundant in serum and is responsible for long-term immunity?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 6

A phagocytic dendritic cell presents an antigen using MHC Class II molecules. What is the next step in activating a T cell?

Accepted Answer

Binding to a helper T cell receptor

Question 7

Which process describes the coating of pathogens by antibodies to enhance phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization

Question 8

Which of the following is a key difference between an epitope and an antigen?

Accepted Answer

An antigen is the entire molecule recognized by the immune system, while an epitope is a specific region of that molecule.

Question 9

Which cytokine is most associated with the activation of cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-2 ($IL-2$)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes herd immunity?

Accepted Answer

Protection of susceptible individuals due to a high proportion of immune individuals in a population

Question 11

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE antibodies and mast cell degranulation?

Accepted Answer

Type I hypersensitivity

Question 12

A patient develops a rash after exposure to poison ivy. Which type of hypersensitivity is this?

Accepted Answer

Type IV hypersensitivity

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

Accepted Answer

Present processed antigens to T lymphocytes

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between direct and indirect fluorescent antibody tests?

Accepted Answer

Direct tests detect antigen with a labeled antibody, while indirect tests detect antibody using a labeled secondary antibody.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of artificially acquired passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving antivenom after a snake bite

Question 16

Which of the following is a major chemical element found in macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon ($C$)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes bioremediation?

Accepted Answer

The use of microbes to clean up environmental pollutants

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of naturally acquired passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving antibodies through breast milk

Question 19

Which of the following is a key feature of microbial adaptation that promotes survival in competitive environments?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibiotics to inhibit competitors

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the concept of immune tolerance?

Accepted Answer

The immune system's ability to ignore self-antigens and prevent autoimmune reactions

Adaptive Immunity, Immunization, Immune Disorders, and Microbial Ecology: Study Guide Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions