Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity targets a limited number of key structures present in many microbes, while adaptive immunity targets a vast array of specific antigens.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the five attributes of adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Immediate response

Question 3

A patient receives a kidney transplant. Which molecules are most important in determining whether the transplant will be accepted or rejected?

Accepted Answer

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens

Question 4

Which of the following statements about B cell receptors (BCRs) is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Each B cell generates a single BCR that recognizes only one epitope.

Question 5

Which class of antibody is most abundant in serum during the secondary immune response?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 6

A child is exposed to chickenpox and develops immunity. This is an example of which type of acquired immunity?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired active immunity

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc cells)?

Accepted Answer

They directly kill infected or abnormal cells.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization, which enhances phagocytosis of pathogens

Question 9

Which statement about MHC class I and class II molecules is correct?

Accepted Answer

MHC class I molecules are present on all nucleated cells, while MHC class II molecules are present only on antigen-presenting cells.

Question 10

A laboratory test detects high levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in a patient’s blood. Which immune process is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Cloning of cytotoxic T cells

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the secondary immune response is faster and more robust than the primary response?

Accepted Answer

Memory cells generated during the primary response rapidly recognize and respond to the antigen.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of artificially acquired passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving antivenom after a snake bite

Question 13

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for signaling B cells to differentiate into plasma cells?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-4 (IL-4)

Question 14

Which of the following is a property of antigens that makes them effective at provoking an immune response?

Accepted Answer

They are large foreign macromolecules with complex structures.

Question 15

A patient with a genetic defect cannot produce MHC class II molecules. Which immune function would be most impaired?

Accepted Answer

Activation of helper T cells

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of regulatory T cells?

Accepted Answer

They repress adaptive immune responses to prevent autoimmunity.

Question 17

Which antibody class is most associated with mucosal immunity and is found in body secretions such as saliva and tears?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 18

Which pathway involves cytotoxic T cells releasing perforin and granzyme to induce apoptosis in target cells?

Accepted Answer

Perforin-granzyme pathway

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of chemokines in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They signal leukocytes to move toward sites of infection.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of antigen presentation?

Accepted Answer

Antigenic epitopes are displayed on MHC molecules for recognition by T cells.

Adaptive Immunity: Mechanisms and Components

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