Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between adaptive and innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity targets specific pathogens and develops memory, while innate immunity is non-specific and lacks memory.

Question 2

A patient receives a vaccine for influenza. Which type of immunity is being stimulated?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 3

Which cell type is most associated with humoral immunity, and which cell is the basis of cellular immunity?

Accepted Answer

B cells for humoral immunity; T cells for cellular immunity

Question 4

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for stimulating epithelial cells to make antimicrobial proteins?

Accepted Answer

IL-22

Question 5

What is the function of the variable (v) region of an antibody?

Accepted Answer

It binds to the epitope of an antigen.

Question 6

Which class of antibody is most likely to protect you from a common cold?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 7

A hapten is unable to provoke an immune response unless it:

Accepted Answer

Attaches to a carrier molecule

Question 8

Which equation best represents the number of possible antibody specificities given the genetic recombination of variable regions?

Accepted Answer

$$N = V 	imes D 	imes J$$

Question 9

Which outcome of antigen-antibody interaction involves the coating of antigens with antibodies to enhance phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization

Question 10

Which antibody class is most associated with agglutination?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 11

A patient is exposed to a virus for the second time. Which antibody class is most likely to be produced in greater quantity during the secondary response?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 12

Which cell type is responsible for suppressing immune responses and maintaining self-tolerance?

Accepted Answer

T regulatory (Treg) cells

Question 13

Which process describes the elimination of harmful B cells during clonal selection?

Accepted Answer

Clonal deletion

Question 14

Which cell type is primarily involved in killing virus-infected cells by releasing perforin and granzymes?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)

Question 15

Which equation best describes the antibody titer in serum over time after initial and secondary exposure to an antigen?

Accepted Answer

$$T(t) = T_0$ e$$^{-kt}$$ + T_1$ e$$^{-k'(t-t_1)}$$

Question 16

Which type of adaptive immunity is involved when gamma globulin is injected into a person?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 17

Which cell type is most likely to respond to a target cell that does not express MHC class I molecules?

Accepted Answer

Natural killer (NK) cells

Question 18

Which cytokine is most associated with inflammation in autoimmune diseases?

Accepted Answer

TNF-alpha

Question 19

Which outcome of antigen-antibody interaction is most important for neutralizing toxins and viruses before they enter host cells?

Accepted Answer

Neutralization

Question 20

Which cell type is primarily part of the cellular immune system and is responsible for presenting antigens to T cells?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cells

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

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