Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity provides a rapid, non-specific response, whereas adaptive immunity provides a slower, specific response to pathogens.

Question 2

A patient is exposed to a bacterial toxin for the first time. Which branch of the immune system is primarily responsible for producing antibodies against this toxin?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immunity

Question 3

Which of the following best defines a hapten?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that can elicit an immune response only when attached to a larger carrier protein.

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of chemokines?

Accepted Answer

Directing the migration of white blood cells to sites of infection

Question 5

Which region of the immunoglobulin molecule is responsible for the diversity of antibodies produced by different B cells?

Accepted Answer

The variable region of the light and heavy chains

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct function for the IgE class of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Involved in allergic reactions and defense against parasitic worms

Question 7

A laboratory test detects the presence of memory B cells in a patient. What does this indicate about the patient's immune history?

Accepted Answer

The patient has previously been exposed to a specific antigen and can mount a faster response upon re-exposure.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes clonal selection?

Accepted Answer

The activation and proliferation of B cells that recognize a specific antigen.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an outcome of an antigen–antibody reaction?

Accepted Answer

Antigenic variation

Question 10

Which cell type is responsible for suppressing immune responses and maintaining tolerance to self-antigens?

Accepted Answer

Treg cells

Question 11

A researcher is studying a cell that presents antigens on MHC class II molecules to helper T cells. Which type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Antigen-presenting cell

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of natural killer (NK) cells?

Accepted Answer

They directly kill virus-infected and tumor cells without prior sensitization.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about T-dependent and T-independent antigens is correct?

Accepted Answer

T-independent antigens typically produce a weaker immune response and do not generate memory cells.

Question 14

A patient receives an injection of pre-formed antibodies to treat a snake bite. Which type of adaptive immunity is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 15

Which of the following best describes apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

A programmed cell death mechanism that eliminates damaged or infected cells.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of TH1 cells?

Accepted Answer

Activate macrophages and promote cell-mediated immunity

Question 17

During a secondary immune response, which class of antibody is produced in the greatest quantity?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of antibodies and NK cells in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies bind to target cells, marking them for destruction by NK cells.

Question 19

A child is exposed to chickenpox and develops immunity after recovering. Which type of adaptive immunity does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired active immunity

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of interleukins?

Accepted Answer

Mediate communication between leukocytes to coordinate immune responses

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host (Chapter 17) Study Guide

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