Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of immunological memory in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

It ensures a rapid and effective immune response upon re-exposure to the same antigen, often preventing disease symptoms.

Question 2

Which agranulocyte acts as the most active antigen-presenting cell (APC) in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cell

Question 3

A patient receives a bone marrow transplant from a donor with mismatched MHC proteins. Which immune complication is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)

Question 4

Which of the following statements about B cell activation is correct?

Accepted Answer

B cells can be fully activated by T-independent antigens, but this does not confer long-term protection.

Question 5

Which antibody isotype is most abundant in blood and is a key activator of complement?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 6

A patient is found to have IgG antibodies against a specific viral antigen. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The patient is either in the late stages of an initial exposure or has had prior exposure to the antigen, possibly through infection or vaccination.

Question 7

Which antibody isotype is central to agglutination and precipitation reactions due to its pentameric structure?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 8

What is the function of perforins and granzymes released by cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

Perforins form pores in the target cell membrane, allowing granzymes to enter and induce apoptosis.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal expansion?

Accepted Answer

The activation of B and T cells followed by multiple rounds of cell division to produce genetically identical clones.

Question 10

Which antibody isotype is found in mother's milk in a dimeric form and is abundant on mucous membranes?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 11

A newborn receives maternal antibodies across the placenta. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the specificity of T and B cells?

Accepted Answer

Each T or B cell is monospecific, meaning all its receptors recognize the same epitope.

Question 13

Which class of MHC proteins is found on all nucleated body cells and presents intracellular antigens?

Accepted Answer

MHC I

Question 14

A patient receives a vaccine and develops memory cells and antibodies. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 15

Which antibody isotype is important in fighting parasites and mediating allergic responses?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why penicillin can trigger allergic reactions in some individuals?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin acts as a hapten, combining with proteins to trigger an immune response.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of T helper cells (Th cells)?

Accepted Answer

Coordinate adaptive immune responses by releasing cytokines that boost activity of other white blood cells.

Question 18

Which subclass of T helper cells mainly activates T cytotoxic cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells?

Accepted Answer

Th1

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of isotype switching in B cells?

Accepted Answer

B cells alter the isotype of the antibody they produce, expanding operational capacity.

Question 20

During a secondary exposure to the same pathogen, which antibody isotype dominates the immune response?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Adaptive Immunity: Step-by-Step Study Guide for Microbiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions