Question 1

Which of the following best describes a cytokine storm and its effect on the body?

Accepted Answer

An excessive and uncontrolled release of cytokines that can cause severe tissue damage and organ failure.

Question 2

Which statement correctly defines an epitope?

Accepted Answer

A small, specific region on an antigen that is recognized by an antibody.

Question 3

A hapten is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A small molecule that is not immunogenic unless attached to a larger carrier protein.

Question 4

Which region of an antibody determines its antigen specificity?

Accepted Answer

Variable region

Question 5

Which immunoglobulin class is most abundant in serum and can cross the placenta to provide passive immunity to the fetus?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 6

A patient receives an injection of antitoxin after being bitten by a venomous snake. This is an example of which type of adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 7

During B cell development, clonal deletion occurs to:

Accepted Answer

Remove B cells that react strongly with self-antigens, preventing autoimmunity.

Question 8

Which process involves antibodies binding to pathogens to enhance their uptake and destruction by phagocytes?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of MHC Class II molecules?

Accepted Answer

They are found on antigen-presenting cells and present exogenous antigens to CD4+ T helper cells.

Question 10

A child recovers from chickenpox and is later exposed again but does not get sick. This is primarily due to:

Accepted Answer

The presence of memory B and T cells from the primary immune response.

Question 11

Which T cell subtype is primarily responsible for directly killing virus-infected cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+)

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of plasma cells?

Accepted Answer

Production and secretion of large amounts of antibodies

Question 13

Which immunoglobulin class is primarily found in secretions such as saliva, tears, and breast milk, and helps protect mucosal surfaces?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 14

A person with type A blood receives type B blood. Which immunoglobulin class is primarily responsible for the agglutination reaction?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal selection in B cells?

Accepted Answer

B cells that bind to a specific antigen are activated to proliferate and differentiate.

Question 16

Which cell type is considered an antigen-presenting cell and plays a key role in activating T cells?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cell

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of naturally acquired passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving antibodies through the placenta or breast milk

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of T regulatory cells (Treg)?

Accepted Answer

They suppress immune responses to maintain tolerance and prevent autoimmunity.

Question 19

Which of the following terms refers to the study of serum and immune responses in body fluids?

Accepted Answer

Serology

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process and purpose of apoptosis in cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity?

Accepted Answer

CTLs induce apoptosis to eliminate infected or abnormal cells without causing inflammation.

Adaptive Immunity: Structure, Function, and Mechanisms

Study Guide - Practice Questions