Question 1

Which of the following best describes the location of DNA in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA is found in the cytoplasm, typically as a single circular chromosome.

Question 2

A gene is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A segment of DNA that codes for a functional product, usually a protein.

Question 3

Which statement correctly summarizes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A ribose sugar

Question 5

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the new DNA strand by adding nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 6

In the process of DNA replication, the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments known as:

Accepted Answer

Okazaki fragments

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

$A = T$ and $G = C$

Question 8

Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 9

In eukaryotic cells, which process removes introns from pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Splicing by small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in translation?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the binding of tRNA to mRNA and catalyze peptide bond formation.

Question 11

A codon is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Question 12

Which of the following equations represents the number of possible codons given four nucleotide bases and a triplet code?

Accepted Answer

$4^3 = 64$

Question 13

Which statement best describes constitutive genes?

Accepted Answer

They are always expressed regardless of environmental conditions.

Question 14

A plasmid is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A small, circular piece of DNA that replicates independently of the bacterial chromosome.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of conjugative plasmids?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the transfer of DNA between bacteria via conjugation.

Question 16

Binary fission in bacteria results in:

Accepted Answer

Two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a form of genetic exchange in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 18

In bacterial transformation, which equation best represents the probability $P$ of a cell successfully taking up DNA if the efficiency is $E$ and the number of cells is $N$?

Accepted Answer

$P = E 	imes N$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between natural and artificial transformation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Natural transformation involves uptake of DNA from the environment without human intervention, while artificial transformation is induced by laboratory techniques.

Question 20

During transduction, which of the following best describes the role of bacteriophages?

Accepted Answer

They transfer DNA from one bacterium to another by packaging bacterial DNA into viral particles.

Bacterial Genetics: Structure, Function, and Genetic Exchange

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