Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons compared to other atoms of the same element.

Question 2

A solution has a pH of 3. How many times more acidic is it than a solution with a pH of 6?

Accepted Answer

$$10^3 = 1000$

Question 3

Which functional group is shown in the image labeled as R-COOH?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Question 4

What type of bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a buffer in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

A compound that stabilizes pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen ions.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct molecular formula for a disaccharide formed from two glucose molecules by dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11}$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

They lack double bonds in their fatty acid chains, allowing them to pack tightly together.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The linear sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

Question 9

A patient with von Gierke’s disease cannot break down glycogen due to a deficiency in which enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Glucose-6-phosphatase

Question 10

Which of the following best describes an amphipathic molecule?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.

Question 11

Which of the following reactions is an example of a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11} + H_2O \rightarrow C$$_{6}$$H_{12}O$$_{6} + $$C_{6}H$$_{12}$$O_{6}$

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why water is a good solvent for polar substances?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with polar substances, allowing them to dissolve.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP serves as a primary energy carrier by releasing energy when its phosphate bonds are broken.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and thymine, while RNA contains ribose sugar and uracil.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that releases more energy than is required to start it.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a glycosidic bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by dehydration synthesis.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why a mutation in the primary structure of a protein can have devastating effects?

Accepted Answer

It can alter the sequence of amino acids, affecting all higher levels of protein structure and function.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of chaperone proteins?

Accepted Answer

They assist in the proper folding of other proteins.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is formed when two or more atoms bond together, while a compound is a molecule made of more than one type of element.

Chapter 2

Study Guide - Practice Questions