Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the role of dehydration synthesis in the formation of biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis removes water to form new covalent bonds between monomers, creating polymers.

Question 2

Which functional group is responsible for forming disulfide bridges in protein folding?

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl group ($$-SH)$$

Question 3

A carbohydrate with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ is classified as which type of carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 5

Which statement correctly compares the structure of cellulose and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose consists of unbranched chains linked by $$\beta-1$$,4 bonds, while glycogen is highly branched with $$\alpha-1$$,4 and $$\alpha-1$$,6 bonds.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why DNA is more stable than RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose, making it less susceptible to hydrolysis.

Question 7

Which of the following correctly describes the orientation of nucleotides in a DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides are added to the 3' carbon of the sugar, and the phosphate group attaches to the 5' carbon.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA, and how many hydrogen bonds are formed between them?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine, forming 2 hydrogen bonds.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP releases energy when its phosphate bonds are broken.

Question 11

Which functional group is commonly found in amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between purines and pyrimidines?

Accepted Answer

Purines include adenine and guanine, while pyrimidines include cytosine, thymine, and uracil.

Question 14

Which process is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids in cells?

Accepted Answer

Storing and transmitting genetic information

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose.

Question 17

Which of the following carbohydrates is NOT digestible by humans?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the function of functional groups in organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Functional groups are responsible for chemical reactivity, interactions with water, and bond formation/breakdown.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why branching in polysaccharides like glycogen increases energy accessibility?

Accepted Answer

Branching increases the number of available ends for enzymatic attack, allowing rapid release of glucose.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the phosphodiester bond in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

It links the phosphate group of one nucleotide to the sugar of another.

Lsn 4 Biochemistry I: Carbohydrates and Nucleic Acids – Foundations for Microbiology

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