Q: Which of the following correctly lists the steps of the PCR protocol in order?

$$\text{Denaturation} \rightarrow \text{Annealing} \rightarrow \text{Extension}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best defines biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

The use of living organisms or their products to modify human health and the human environment.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of an 'ancient' biotechnology practice still used today?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation of milk to produce yogurt.

Question 3

Recombinant DNA technology is possible primarily because:

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is universal among living organisms.

Question 4

In recombinant DNA technology, what is a vector?

Accepted Answer

A DNA molecule used to carry foreign genetic material into another cell.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about restriction enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They recognize specific DNA sequences and cut DNA at or near these sites.

Question 6

What is the main difference between sticky ends and blunt ends produced by restriction enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Sticky ends have overhanging single-stranded DNA, while blunt ends are fully base-paired with no overhangs.

Question 7

What is the role of DNA ligase in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

It joins DNA fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds between them.

Question 8

During transformation in bacteria, which of the following outcomes is possible?

Accepted Answer

The bacterium acquires new genetic traits from the introduced DNA.

Question 9

Which of the following correctly lists the steps of the PCR protocol in order?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Denaturation} ightarrow 	ext{Annealing} ightarrow 	ext{Extension}$$

Question 10

Why is Taq polymerase used in PCR instead of other DNA polymerases?

Accepted Answer

It is thermostable and can withstand the high temperatures used during denaturation.

Question 11

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on which property?

Accepted Answer

Size (length) of the DNA fragments.

Question 12

A forensic scientist is using PCR to analyze a crime scene sample. Which of the following best explains why PCR is useful in this context?

Accepted Answer

PCR can amplify tiny amounts of DNA to quantities sufficient for analysis.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a method for introducing foreign DNA into a cell?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 14

Which organism is commonly used to produce human insulin using recombinant DNA technology, and what is a major advantage of using it?

Accepted Answer

E. coli; it grows rapidly and can produce large amounts of protein.

Question 15

Which of the following is a therapeutic application of recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Production of clotting factors for hemophilia patients.

Question 16

Golden rice is an example of an agricultural application of recombinant DNA technology. What is its main benefit?

Accepted Answer

It is engineered to produce vitamin A precursors to combat malnutrition.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the Human Genome Project?

Accepted Answer

A project to sequence and map all the genes in the human genome.

Question 18

Bioinformatics is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

The application of computer technology to the management and analysis of biological data.

Question 19

Which of the following is a potential ethical issue associated with recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

The possibility of creating genetically modified organisms that could impact natural ecosystems.

Question 20

A scientist wants to clone a gene using PCR and then insert it into a plasmid vector. Which sequence of steps is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Amplify the gene by PCR, cut both the PCR product and plasmid with the same restriction enzyme, ligate the gene into the plasmid, and transform bacteria with the recombinant plasmid.

Biotechnology & Recombinant DNA: Principles and Applications

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