Question 1

Which of the following is a characteristic that distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nucleus

Question 2

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. Which process will most likely occur, and why?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell by osmosis, causing plasmolysis.

Question 3

Which component is unique to Gram-negative bacterial cell walls and can trigger fever and shock in humans?

Accepted Answer

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of bacterial endospores?

Accepted Answer

They allow bacteria to survive extreme conditions such as heat and chemicals.

Question 5

A scientist observes a single-celled organism with a visible nucleus and several membrane-bound organelles. Which group does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes

Question 6

Which structure is responsible for the transfer of DNA between bacterial cells during conjugation?

Accepted Answer

Pilus

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that controls the passage of substances.

Question 8

Which process requires energy input from the cell and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Protection from desiccation and attachment to surfaces

Question 10

A patient is infected with a bacterium that appears purple after Gram staining. Which of the following is most likely true about this bacterium?

Accepted Answer

It has a thick peptidoglycan layer and contains teichoic acids.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why Mycoplasma is considered alive even though it is nonmotile and lacks a cell wall?

Accepted Answer

It carries out metabolism, growth, and reproduction independently.

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between bacterial and archaeal cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan, while archaeal cell walls do not.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring organelles and maintaining cell shape

Question 14

Which of the following best describes group translocation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A substance is chemically modified as it is transported into the cell.

Question 15

Which of the following structures is found in all prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 16

A scientist discovers a microbe with a single circular chromosome, 70S ribosomes, and ether-linked membrane lipids. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 17

Which of the following is a reason why antimicrobial drugs that target bacterial cell walls are generally safe for human cells?

Accepted Answer

Human cells lack peptidoglycan cell walls.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the function of eukaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

They undulate rhythmically to push or pull the cell through its environment.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why colchicine inhibits phagocytosis and the formation of flagella and cilia in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Colchicine inhibits microtubule formation, which is essential for these processes.

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi body in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Processing and packaging molecules for export

Cell Structure and Function in Microbiology

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