Question 1

Which of the following is a key structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus, while eukaryotic cells possess one.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a unicellular organism with the following features: no membrane-bound organelles, a cell wall without peptidoglycan, and ether-linked membrane lipids. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 3

Which of the following structures is found in both Bacteria and Archaea, but not in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleoid

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the evidence supporting the Endosymbiotic Theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own circular DNA and reproduce independently within eukaryotic cells.

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with a bacterial infection. Which of the following cell structures would be a likely target for antibiotics, and why?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan cell wall, because it is unique to Bacteria and absent in human cells.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about Archaea is correct?

Accepted Answer

Their cell membranes contain ether-linked lipids, distinguishing them from Bacteria.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 8

A microbiologist stains a sample and observes a cell with a large central vacuole, a nucleus, and chloroplasts. Which type of organism is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic alga

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria are considered evidence for the Endosymbiotic Theory?

Accepted Answer

They have their own ribosomes and DNA similar to those of prokaryotes.

Question 10

Which of the following structures is present in all prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 11

A researcher is studying a microorganism that can survive in extremely high temperatures and has a cell wall lacking peptidoglycan. Which domain does this organism most likely belong to, and what is a key feature of its membrane?

Accepted Answer

Archaea; ether-linked membrane lipids

Question 12

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of bacterial flagella?

Accepted Answer

Motility through rotation powered by a proton gradient

Question 14

A cell is observed to have a peptidoglycan cell wall, a nucleoid, and no membrane-bound organelles. Which of the following best describes this cell?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cell

Question 15

Which of the following is a unique feature of archaeal cell walls compared to bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Lack of peptidoglycan

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT evidence supporting the Endosymbiotic Theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are surrounded by a single membrane.

Question 17

A student is asked to identify a cell with the following features: linear chromosomes, a nuclear envelope, and membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is being described?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics that target peptidoglycan synthesis are effective against bacteria but not against human cells?

Accepted Answer

Human cells lack peptidoglycan, so the antibiotics do not affect them.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct comparison between Bacteria and Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, while Archaea do not.

Question 20

A scientist is comparing the ribosomes of a eukaryotic cell and a bacterial cell. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial ribosomes are 70S, while eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomes are 80S.

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and the Endosymbiotic Theory

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