Question 1

Which of the following best describes a key structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear envelope, while prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic shapes of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Cuboidal

Question 3

The glycocalyx in bacteria serves which primary function?

Accepted Answer

It provides protection against desiccation and helps bacteria adhere to surfaces.

Question 4

Which structure is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 5

Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria differ in their cell wall structure. Which statement correctly describes this difference?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer membrane.

Question 6

Which of the following structures is used by bacteria for motility?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 7

Which process involves the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of endospores in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Survival during harsh environmental conditions

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Golgi complex

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via specific transport proteins.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 13

Which structure is present in eukaryotic cells but absent in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 14

Which of the following best describes group translocation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Transport of molecules across the membrane with chemical modification during passage.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage of genetic material

Question 16

Which of the following statements about acid-fast bacteria is correct?

Accepted Answer

They possess mycolic acids in their cell walls, making them resistant to decolorization by acid-alcohol.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of hydrogen peroxide

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the cytoplasmic membrane of prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of energy generation via electron transport chain.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic flagella have a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules, while prokaryotic flagella are made of flagellin protein.

Question 20

A patient presents with a bacterial infection. The bacteria are found to have a thick peptidoglycan layer and teichoic acids. Which type of bacteria is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes – Study Guide

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