Question 1

Which of the following characteristics distinguishes viruses from bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Viruses lack cytoplasmic membranes or cellular structure.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a thick peptidoglycan layer and teichoic acids. After Gram staining, the cell appears purple. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacterial cell

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the bacterial glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

It helps bacteria evade the immune system and attach to surfaces.

Question 4

Which process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 5

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely immediate effect on the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water leaves the cell, causing plasmolysis.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the eukaryotic Golgi body?

Accepted Answer

Modification, packaging, and export of proteins and lipids

Question 7

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, while eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomes are 80S.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why there are few antimicrobial drugs that target bacterial cytoplasmic membranes?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial and human cytoplasmic membranes are structurally similar, so such drugs would be toxic to humans.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the prokaryotic cell wall?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthesis

Question 10

A patient is treated with an antibiotic that disrupts peptidoglycan synthesis. Which type of organism is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 11

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the movement of eukaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

They undulate in a wave-like motion.

Question 13

Which of the following is a unique feature of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Presence of an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 14

Which of the following processes requires energy in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 15

A scientist observes a cell with a double membrane, circular DNA, and 70S ribosomes. According to the endosymbiotic theory, what is this structure most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 16

Which of the following best describes group translocation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A substance is chemically modified as it is transported into the cell.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating movement of organelles

Question 18

A cell is observed to have cilia that move fluid across its surface. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They contain digestive enzymes that break down engulfed materials.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why hypertonic solutions are used for food preservation?

Accepted Answer

They cause water to leave microbial cells by osmosis, leading to cell dehydration and death.

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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