Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as shown in the diagrams?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

Based on the images, which structure is responsible for protein synthesis in both bacterial and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 3

In the bacterial cell diagram, the DNA is shown as a single circular molecule located in which region?

Accepted Answer

Nucleoid

Question 4

Which of the following is a unique feature of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells, as illustrated in the diagrams?

Accepted Answer

Presence of linear DNA within a nucleus

Question 5

According to the comparison chart, which domains of life are classified as prokaryotic?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 6

Which structure, found outside the bacterial cell, is primarily responsible for motility?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 7

The sticky layer that surrounds some bacterial cells and helps them adhere to surfaces is called the:

Accepted Answer

Glycocalyx

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a capsule as shown in the glycocalyx diagram?

Accepted Answer

A highly organized, tightly attached layer

Question 9

What is the main function of the biofilm matrix (Extracellular Polymeric Substance) as depicted in the images?

Accepted Answer

To protect cells from environmental hazards such as toxins and UV light

Question 10

During biofilm development, what is the significance of the dispersal stage?

Accepted Answer

Cells detach to colonize new environments

Question 11

Which type of flagellar arrangement is characterized by flagella distributed all over the surface of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Peritrichous

Question 12

In the context of bacterial motility, what is the primary energy source for flagellar rotation?

Accepted Answer

Proton Motive Force (PMF)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of fimbriae as shown in the diagrams?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces and other cells

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a structure found outside the bacterial cell, according to the diagrams?

Accepted Answer

Endospore

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the cell wall is correct based on the diagrams?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and protection to the cell.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell walls as shown in the images?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive cells have a thick peptidoglycan layer, while Gram-negative cells have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the capsule in bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

Protection against dehydration and attachment to surfaces

Question 18

What is the main role of the nucleoid in a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

Storage of genetic material

Question 19

Which of the following structures is responsible for the dormant, highly resistant state in some bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Endospore

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a function of the glycocalyx as shown in the diagrams?

Accepted Answer

Motility

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Study Guide - Practice Questions