Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear envelope, while prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus.

Question 2

Which structure is responsible for preventing phagocytosis and contributing to bacterial virulence?

Accepted Answer

Glycocalyx capsule

Question 3

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing plasmolysis.

Question 4

Which of the following is a unique feature of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 5

Which process is unique to prokaryotic cells and involves the chemical modification of a transported substance?

Accepted Answer

Group translocation

Question 6

A scientist isolates a cell with the following features: circular DNA, 70S ribosomes, and a cell wall containing peptidoglycan. What type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic bacterial cell

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides selective permeability, allowing certain molecules to pass while blocking others.

Question 8

Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding the movement of materials across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires energy.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about endospores is correct?

Accepted Answer

Endospores are resistant to heat, desiccation, chemicals, and radiation.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the eukaryotic Golgi complex?

Accepted Answer

Modification and sorting of proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why Mycoplasma species are resistant to penicillin?

Accepted Answer

They lack a cell wall and instead have sterols in their plasma membrane.

Question 13

Which equation best represents the calculation of osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) $$across a semipermeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iMRT$$

Question 14

A Gram-negative bacterium is more resistant to antibiotics than a Gram-positive bacterium. Which structural feature is primarily responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

Presence of an outer membrane containing porins

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of bacterial flagella?

Accepted Answer

They allow bacteria to move by rotating, enabling chemotaxis and phototaxis.

Question 16

Which of the following is a major difference between the plasma membranes of Archaea and Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Archaea have membrane lipids with ether linkages, while Bacteria have ester linkages.

Question 17

Which of the following structures is involved in the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

Pili

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with tuberculosis. Which unique cell wall component is responsible for the acid-fast property of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Mycolic acid

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating intracellular transport

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They are the site of protein synthesis.

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

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