Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between magnification and resolution in microscopy?

Accepted Answer

Magnification increases the size of an image, while resolution refers to the minimum distance at which two points can be distinguished as separate.

Question 2

A microbiologist is using a light compound microscope to observe bacteria. Which limitation is most likely to affect their ability to distinguish two closely spaced bacteria as separate objects?

Accepted Answer

Resolution (resolving power)

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic required for an organism to be considered living, according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 4

Which cell structure is present in prokaryotic cells but absent in most eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 5

A scientist observes a bacterium with a single, long, flexible helical shape under the microscope. Which term best describes this morphology?

Accepted Answer

Spirochete

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why Gram-negative bacteria are generally more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They possess an outer membrane that acts as a barrier to many antibiotics.

Question 7

Which structure allows certain bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions, such as boiling or exposure to chemicals?

Accepted Answer

Endospore

Question 8

A bacterial cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink (plasmolysis).

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

Protection against dehydration and phagocytosis

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the movement of prokaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

Rotation like a propeller, either clockwise or counterclockwise

Question 11

A Gram-negative bacterium is identified by the presence of which unique component in its outer membrane?

Accepted Answer

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why Mycobacterium species require an acid-fast stain for identification?

Accepted Answer

Their cell walls contain mycolic acid, making them resistant to standard stains.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of plasmids in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Carrying genes for antibiotic resistance and toxins

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding eukaryotic cell division?

Accepted Answer

It involves cytokinesis and mitosis or meiosis.

Question 15

Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic cells but NOT in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with a chronic infection caused by bacteria that have lost their cell wall. Which term best describes these bacteria?

Accepted Answer

L-forms

Question 17

Which of the following best describes group translocation in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A transport process where molecules are chemically modified as they are brought into the cell, using phosphoenolpyruvate ($PEP$) as an energy source.

Question 18

Which of the following arrangements describes a group of bacteria that remain attached in chains after cell division?

Accepted Answer

Strepto-

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of fimbriae in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces and biofilm formation

Question 20

A scientist is studying a bacterium that can transfer DNA to another bacterium using a specialized structure. Which structure is responsible for this process?

Accepted Answer

Pilus

Cell Structure and Microscopy in Microbiology

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