Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between active transport and passive transport across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 2

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink (plasmolysis).

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of bulk transport that involves the ingestion of large particles by a cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the process of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient with the help of a carrier protein, without energy input.

Question 5

Which enzyme property is lost when an enzyme is exposed to high temperature or extreme pH, resulting in loss of function?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 6

Which of the following is true about competitive enzyme inhibition?

Accepted Answer

A molecule fills the active site, blocking the substrate from binding.

Question 7

During cellular respiration, which process directly produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain

Question 8

Which of the following best describes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group is transferred from a substrate molecule to ADP to form ATP.

Question 9

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to an animal cell in this environment?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell and possibly burst.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of chemical reactions, allowing them to occur more easily.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

CO$_2$

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why fermentation is less efficient than aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation produces much less ATP per glucose molecule because it does not use the electron transport chain.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the function of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP serves as the cell's usable source of energy for most cellular processes.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the electron transport chain (ETC) in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

The ETC is located in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD$^+$ and FAD in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They act as electron carriers, accepting electrons during metabolic reactions and delivering them to the electron transport chain.

Question 17

A scientist adds a noncompetitive inhibitor to an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

The inhibitor binds to an allosteric site, changing the shape of the enzyme and reducing its activity.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct summary of the net ATP yield from aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

36-38 ATP

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of exocytosis in microbial cells?

Accepted Answer

Materials are expelled out of the cell via secretory vesicles.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the effect of isotonic solutions on animal cells?

Accepted Answer

There is no net movement of water, and the cell remains unchanged.

Cellular Transport and Metabolism: Microbiology Study Notes

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