Question 1

Which of the following best describes the first step in the replication cycle of an animal virus?

Accepted Answer

Attachment of the virus to a specific host cell receptor

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a viral infection. The virus is found to have a lipid envelope. Which of the following structures is most likely to be derived from the host cell?

Accepted Answer

Envelope

Question 3

Which of the following best distinguishes a bacteriophage from an animal virus?

Accepted Answer

Bacteriophages inject their genome into the host cell, leaving the capsid outside

Question 4

During the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage, which of the following events occurs immediately after biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Maturation (assembly of new virions)

Question 5

Which of the following is a key difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles of bacteriophages?

Accepted Answer

The lysogenic cycle allows the viral genome to persist in the host without immediately destroying it

Question 6

A virus is found to lack an envelope. Which of the following is most likely true about its mode of release from the host cell?

Accepted Answer

It is released by lysis of the host cell

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of viral latency in human disease?

Accepted Answer

Latent viruses can remain dormant in host cells and reactivate later, causing recurrent disease

Question 8

Which of the following is a prion-associated disease discussed in the context of infectious agents?

Accepted Answer

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Question 9

A virus infects a host cell and integrates its genome into the host DNA, remaining dormant for years. Which term best describes this relationship?

Accepted Answer

Lysogeny (or latency)

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all viruses?

Accepted Answer

They contain both DNA and RNA as genetic material

Question 11

A patient presents with symptoms of a viral infection. Laboratory analysis reveals the presence of a helical capsid. Which of the following viruses is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Rabies virus

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Viruses lack the metabolic pathways targeted by antibiotics

Question 13

Which of the following infectious agents is composed solely of protein and lacks nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Prion

Question 14

A virus is found to infect only a specific type of cell in the human body. Which of the following best explains this specificity?

Accepted Answer

The virus recognizes and binds to specific receptors on the host cell surface

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of viral uncoating?

Accepted Answer

The viral capsid is removed, releasing the genome into the host cell

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the exponential growth of a virus in a permissive host cell culture, assuming each infected cell produces $N$ new virions per cycle and there are $t$ cycles?

Accepted Answer

$V = N^t$

Question 17

A researcher is studying a new virus that causes cancer in humans. Which of the following best describes the relationship between viruses and cancer?

Accepted Answer

Viruses can cause cancer by integrating their genome into host DNA and disrupting normal cell cycle control

Question 18

Which of the following is a key feature that distinguishes prions from viruses?

Accepted Answer

Prions lack nucleic acids, while viruses contain either DNA or RNA

Question 19

A virus is found to be released from the host cell by budding. Which of the following is most likely true about this virus?

Accepted Answer

It acquires its envelope from the host cell membrane during release

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the viral capsid?

Accepted Answer

It protects the viral genome and aids in attachment to host cells

Chapter 13: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions – Structure, Replication, and Pathogenesis

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