Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between naturally acquired active immunity and artificially acquired passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired active immunity results from infection and the body's own immune response, while artificially acquired passive immunity involves injection of pre-formed antibodies.

Question 2

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. Which type of immunity is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 3

Which class of antibody is most abundant in secretions such as saliva, mucus, and breast milk, and what is its structural form?

Accepted Answer

IgA; dimer

Question 4

A patient is exposed to a virus and their immune system responds by producing antibodies. Later, upon re-exposure, the response is faster and stronger. Which property of the specific immune response does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Memory

Question 5

Which antibody class is the first to be produced during a primary immune response and is structurally a pentamer?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 6

A laboratory is using monoclonal antibodies to detect the presence of a specific pathogen in a patient's blood sample using ELISA. What is a key advantage of using monoclonal antibodies in this context?

Accepted Answer

They are specific to a single epitope, increasing test specificity.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in cellular immunity?

Accepted Answer

They directly destroy virus-infected and cancerous cells.

Question 8

A child is born to an Rh-negative mother and an Rh-positive father. The mother develops antibodies against the Rh antigen during her first pregnancy. In a subsequent pregnancy, these antibodies cross the placenta and attack the fetal red blood cells. What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn)

Question 9

Which cytokine family is primarily responsible for inducing the migration of leukocytes to sites of infection?

Accepted Answer

Chemokines

Question 10

A patient experiences a rapid, life-threatening allergic reaction after being stung by a bee, characterized by widespread vasodilation and drop in blood pressure. What is the immunological term for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Systemic anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why IgG is the only antibody class that can cross the placenta?

Accepted Answer

IgG has a unique Fc region that interacts with placental receptors.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of regulatory T cells (TReg) in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Suppressing immune responses to prevent excessive inflammation

Question 13

A researcher is designing a fluorescent microscopy experiment to detect a specific bacterial antigen. Which property of monoclonal antibodies makes them especially useful for this application?

Accepted Answer

They are produced by a single B cell clone and are specific to one epitope.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of helper T cells (TH cells) in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They assist B cells in producing antibodies by presenting antigens.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about haptens is correct?

Accepted Answer

Haptens are small molecules that become immunogenic only when attached to a carrier protein.

Question 16

A patient with a viral infection is treated with a preparation of antibodies obtained from another individual who has recovered from the same infection. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of interferons?

Accepted Answer

They interfere with viral replication in infected cells.

Question 18

A patient with HIV has a low count of CD4+ T cells. Which aspect of their immune response is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibodies by B cells

Question 19

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between antigen, antibody, and immune complex formation?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Antigen} + \mathrm{Antibody} \rightarrow \mathrm{Immune\ Complex}$$

Question 20

A patient with a genetic deficiency in complement activation is most likely to have impaired function of which antibody class?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Chapter 17–19 Study Guide: Adaptive Immunity, Immune Disorders, and Applications

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