Question 1

A scientist is studying two atoms of oxygen. Both have 8 protons, but one has 8 neutrons and the other has 10 neutrons. What are these two atoms called?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes

Question 2

Why do isotopes of the same element have nearly identical chemical properties?

Accepted Answer

They have the same number of protons.

Question 3

A neutral atom of carbon has an atomic number of 6. How many electrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$6$$

Question 4

Which subatomic particle contributes the least to the atomic mass of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Electron

Question 5

Which of the following statements about valence electrons is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They determine how atoms chemically interact.

Question 6

If an atom loses one electron, what is the immediate result?

Accepted Answer

It becomes a positive ion.

Question 7

Which type of chemical bond is formed when electrons are shared between two atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 8

Why does sodium chloride ($$\mathrm{NaCl}) $$dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

Water breaks weak ionic attractions between $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$ and $$\mathrm{Cl^-}.$$

Question 9

Which bond is generally considered the strongest in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 10

Hydrogen bonds form primarily because:

Accepted Answer

Partial charges attract neighboring molecules.

Question 11

Which of the following is the best example of a radioisotope's use in biology?

Accepted Answer

Tracing molecules during research

Question 12

Which reaction always requires an input of energy?

Accepted Answer

Endergonic reaction

Question 13

Which process is most likely to be exergonic in a living cell?

Accepted Answer

Glucose breakdown

Question 14

Which of the following best describes anabolism?

Accepted Answer

Building larger molecules from smaller ones

Question 15

A reaction is represented as $$A + B \rightarrow AB. $$What type of reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis reaction

Question 16

A reaction is represented as $$AB \rightarrow A + B. $$What type of reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition reaction

Question 17

Which of the following best characterizes an exchange reaction?

Accepted Answer

Molecules exchange components

Question 18

A reversible reaction continues until which condition is met?

Accepted Answer

Equilibrium is reached

Question 19

Which statement about chemical equilibrium is correct?

Accepted Answer

Forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates

Question 20

When sodium chloride ($$\mathrm{NaCl}) is $$dissolved in water, what happens to the $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$ and $$\mathrm{Cl^-}$$ ions?

Accepted Answer

They dissociate and are surrounded by water molecules

Chapter 2 Part 1: Microbiology Chemistry & Bonds Study Guide

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