Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes DNA from RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded with deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded with ribose sugar.

Question 2

Given the DNA template strand 3'-GCCACGTATCA-5', what is the sequence of the mRNA produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$5'-CGGUGCAUAGU-3'$$

Question 3

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 4

If a segment of DNA has the sequence 5'-ATGGC-3', what is the complementary sequence on the other strand (include 5' and 3' ends)?

Accepted Answer

$$3'-TACCG-5'$$

Question 5

During translation, which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome according to the codon sequence in mRNA?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 6

A bacterial cell contains a plasmid. What must the plasmid contain to ensure it is replicated during cell division?

Accepted Answer

An origin of replication ($$ori)$$

Question 7

If an mRNA molecule is 36 nucleotides long and contains no stop codons, how many amino acids can be produced from it?

Accepted Answer

12 amino acids

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 9

What is the role of the promoter in transcription?

Accepted Answer

It is a DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

Question 10

Which property of the genetic code allows multiple codons to code for the same amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Redundancy

Question 11

A mutation changes the DNA sequence from 5'-ATG-3' to 5'-ATA-3'. What is the most likely effect on the protein produced?

Accepted Answer

The amino acid sequence will change, potentially altering protein function.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component required for translation?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 13

If the mRNA sequence is 5'-AUGGCCUAA-3', what is the resulting amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

Methionine-Alanine-Stop

Question 14

Which statement about semiconservative DNA replication is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each daughter DNA molecule consists of one parental and one new strand.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a gene?

Accepted Answer

A segment of DNA that encodes a functional product, usually a protein.

Question 16

What is the function of the terminator sequence in transcription?

Accepted Answer

It signals RNA polymerase to stop transcription.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the antiparallel nature of DNA?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs 5' to 3', and the other runs 3' to 5'.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world application of the universality of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial genes in corn to produce insecticide.

Question 19

Which process directly determines the amino acid sequence of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 20

A mutation in the gene encoding DNA polymerase would most likely affect which cellular process?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Chapter 8: Genetics – DNA Structure, Replication, and Gene Expression

Study Guide - Practice Questions