Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why viruses are not considered living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They lack cellular structure and cannot carry out metabolism on their own.

Question 2

A researcher isolates a microorganism from a hot spring with temperatures above 80°C and high acidity. Which term best describes this organism?

Accepted Answer

Thermoacidophile

Question 3

Which of the following is a key difference between Archaea and Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Archaea have unique membrane lipids and lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the ploidy changes during mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis maintains the ploidy number; meiosis halves it.

Question 5

Which of the following is a unique feature of Mycobacterium species?

Accepted Answer

They have a waxy cell wall rich in mycolic acids, making them acid-fast.

Question 6

A virus with a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome is most similar in replication to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A host eukaryotic cell's nuclear DNA

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of binary fission?

Accepted Answer

A process where a single cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage is correct?

Accepted Answer

The virus attaches, injects its genome, replicates, assembles, and lyses the host cell.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about cyanobacteria?

Accepted Answer

They are prokaryotes capable of oxygenic photosynthesis.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a prion?

Accepted Answer

A misfolded protein that can induce abnormal folding in normal proteins

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the alternation of generations in algae is correct?

Accepted Answer

It alternates between multicellular haploid and multicellular diploid stages.

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of alveolates among protozoans?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound sacs (alveoli) beneath the plasma membrane

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the genome of a viroid?

Accepted Answer

Single-stranded circular RNA

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the envelope of some viruses?

Accepted Answer

It is derived from the host cell's membrane during viral budding.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains how viruses can potentially cause cancer in host cells?

Accepted Answer

By integrating their genome into the host DNA and disrupting normal cell cycle regulation

Question 16

Which of the following is a unique feature of Clostridium and Bacillus genera?

Accepted Answer

They are capable of forming endospores to survive harsh conditions.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of schizogony (multiple fission) in protozoans?

Accepted Answer

A single cell undergoes multiple rounds of nuclear division before cytoplasmic division, producing many daughter cells.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the replication of +ssRNA viruses in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Their genome can be directly used as mRNA for protein synthesis.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct method for culturing viruses in the laboratory?

Accepted Answer

Inoculating them into living host cells such as cell cultures or embryonated eggs

Question 20

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of Alphaproteobacteria, specifically nitrifying bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They oxidize ammonia to nitrite or nitrite to nitrate, playing a key role in the nitrogen cycle.

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and Viruses

Study Guide - Practice Questions