Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Question 2

Which of the following best defines a pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A microbe that causes disease in its host.

Question 3

Which scientist is credited with disproving spontaneous generation through his swan-neck flask experiment?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a component of the prokaryotic cell envelope?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the bacterial glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

It provides protection against desiccation and helps in attachment to surfaces.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes an opportunistic pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A microbe that causes disease only when the host's defenses are compromised.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct description of binary fission in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

The cell elongates, replicates its DNA, and divides into two identical cells.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores and transfers energy for cellular processes.

Question 10

Which of the following is a key difference between aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor, while anaerobic respiration uses other molecules.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of protons down their electrochemical gradient to drive ATP synthesis.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial flagellum?

Accepted Answer

Motility

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of fermentation?

Accepted Answer

It is a process that generates ATP without the use of an electron transport chain.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about endospores?

Accepted Answer

Endospores are formed in response to harsh environmental conditions and can revert to vegetative cells.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy and speed up biochemical reactions.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a photoautotroph?

Accepted Answer

Uses carbon dioxide as a carbon source and light as an energy source.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It transfers electrons to generate a proton gradient for ATP synthesis.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the germ theory of disease?

Accepted Answer

Microorganisms are the cause of many diseases.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of high osmotic pressure on microbial cells?

Accepted Answer

It removes water from cells, inhibiting growth.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of a psychrotroph?

Accepted Answer

A microbe that grows best at moderate temperatures, typically between 20°C and 30°C.

Comprehensive Study Guide for Microbiology: Cells, Growth, Metabolism, and Microbial Control

Study Guide - Practice Questions