Question 1

Which of the following best describes binary fission in bacteria, and how does it differ from budding?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission is a process where a bacterial cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells by splitting evenly, whereas budding produces a smaller daughter cell that grows from the parent.

Question 2

A bacterium has a generation time of 30 minutes. If you start with 100 cells, how many cells will there be after 3 hours, assuming exponential growth and no cell death? Use the formula $N = N_0 	imes 2^{n}$, where $n$ is the number of generations.

Accepted Answer

6400 cells

Question 3

Which stage of the bacterial growth curve is characterized by rapid cell division and exponential increase in population size?

Accepted Answer

Log (exponential) phase

Question 4

Define the terms optimal, minimum, and maximum as they apply to bacterial growth temperature, and select the correct statement.

Accepted Answer

Optimal temperature is where growth rate is highest; minimum is the lowest temperature permitting growth; maximum is the highest temperature at which growth is possible.

Question 5

Which group of microbes is most likely to cause food spoilage in refrigerated foods?

Accepted Answer

Psychrotrophs

Question 6

Which term describes microbes that obtain energy from inorganic chemical reactions and use carbon dioxide as their carbon source?

Accepted Answer

Chemoautotrophs

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a growth factor required by some bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids such as tryptophan

Question 8

Which method would be most appropriate for culturing obligate anaerobic bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Use of a GasPak anaerobic jar

Question 9

Which of the following terms refers to the removal of all microbial life, including spores, from an object?

Accepted Answer

Sterilization

Question 10

Which of the following is a direct method for enumerating bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

Plate count using serial dilution

Question 11

Which class of germicides is capable of killing bacterial endospores?

Accepted Answer

High-level disinfectants

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when selecting an appropriate germicide for hospital use?

Accepted Answer

Color of the germicide

Question 13

Which of the following statements about adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP is recharged by ADP/ATP cycling, where ADP is phosphorylated to form ATP.

Question 14

Which of the following is a coenzyme involved in redox reactions during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NAD+

Question 15

During glycolysis, what are the net products generated from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate

Question 16

Which process generates ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation in the absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor, while anaerobic respiration uses inorganic molecules other than oxygen.

Question 18

Which of the following is a feature of the electron transport chain in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

It generates a proton gradient across the plasma membrane.

Question 19

Which biochemical test would be most useful for distinguishing between Gram-negative enteric bacteria?

Accepted Answer

IMViC tests (Indole, Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate)

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a molecule produced by anabolism?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids assembled into proteins

Comprehensive Study Notes: Microbial Growth, Metabolism, and Laboratory Techniques

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