Q: Which equation describes the probability of transmission of a virus given contact rate $$c$$, transmission probability per contact $$p$$, and number of contacts $$n$$?

$$P = 1 - (1 - p$$)^{c \times n}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a viroid?

Accepted Answer

A small, circular RNA molecule without a protein coat that infects plants

Question 2

Which structural feature distinguishes enveloped viruses from naked viruses?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a lipid bilayer surrounding the capsid

Question 3

A patient presents with persistent hepatitis. Which virus is most likely to cause chronic infection?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis B virus

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages?

Accepted Answer

The viral genome integrates into the host genome and remains dormant

Question 5

Which DNA virus family is associated with the development of skin lesions and can be diagnosed by the presence of large, brick-shaped virions?

Accepted Answer

Poxviruses

Question 6

Rubella is caused by a virus belonging to which family, and what is a major clinical concern associated with infection during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Togaviridae; congenital rubella syndrome

Question 7

Which of the following viruses is classified as a retrovirus and is known for its oncogenic potential?

Accepted Answer

Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)

Question 8

A child presents with vesicular lesions on the hands, feet, and mouth. Which virus is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Coxsackievirus A

Question 9

Which property is shared by all prions?

Accepted Answer

They lack nucleic acids and are composed solely of misfolded proteins

Question 10

Which equation best represents the exponential increase in viral particles during the lytic cycle?

Accepted Answer

$$N = N_0$ 	imes 2^n$$

Question 11

Which of the following viruses is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route and does NOT cause chronic infection?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis A virus

Question 12

Which diagnostic method is most commonly used to detect herpesvirus infections?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for viral DNA

Question 13

Filoviruses are known for causing which of the following diseases, and what is a key feature of their transmission?

Accepted Answer

Ebola; direct contact with bodily fluids

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why retroviruses are immunosuppressive?

Accepted Answer

They infect and destroy CD4+ T cells, weakening the immune system

Question 15

Which equation describes the probability of transmission of a virus given contact rate $$c$$, transmission probability per contact $$p$$, and number of contacts $$n$$?

Accepted Answer

$$P = 1 - (1 - p$$)^{c 	imes n}$$

Question 16

Which of the following viruses is most likely to cause a persistent infection that can lead to cancer?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis B virus

Question 17

Which statement best describes the function of a bacteriophage's tail fibers?

Accepted Answer

They recognize and bind to specific receptors on bacterial surfaces

Question 18

Which RNA virus is known for causing outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children?

Accepted Answer

Enterovirus

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles of viruses?

Accepted Answer

Lytic cycle results in immediate destruction of the host cell, while lysogenic cycle allows viral genome integration and dormancy

Question 20

Which equation would you use to calculate the basic reproductive number ($$R_0) of a $$virus, given transmission probability $$p$$, contact rate $$c$$, and duration of infectiousness $$d$$?

Accepted Answer

$$R_0 = p$$ 	imes c 	imes d$$

Comprehensive Study Notes: Viruses, Viroids, Prions, and Viral Diseases

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