Question 1

Which of the following best describes a prion?

Accepted Answer

A misfolded protein that can induce abnormal folding of normal proteins in the brain.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the lytic and lysogenic cycles of bacteriophages is correct?

Accepted Answer

In the lysogenic cycle, the viral genome integrates into the host genome and can remain dormant.

Question 3

A patient presents with jaundice and is diagnosed with hepatitis. Which of the following viruses is most likely to be transmitted via the fecal-oral route?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis A virus

Question 4

Which of the following is a property of naked viruses but not enveloped viruses?

Accepted Answer

They are generally more resistant to desiccation and detergents.

Question 5

Which DNA virus family is associated with the development of smallpox?

Accepted Answer

Poxviridae

Question 6

A child develops hand, foot, and mouth disease. Which group of viruses is most commonly responsible for this illness?

Accepted Answer

Enteroviruses

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the structure of a typical bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

A head containing nucleic acid, a tail sheath, and tail fibers for attachment.

Question 8

Which of the following viruses is classified as a retrovirus and is known for causing immunosuppression?

Accepted Answer

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Question 9

A laboratory test detects double-stranded DNA in a viral sample. Which of the following viruses could this sample be from?

Accepted Answer

Herpes Simplex Virus

Question 10

Which of the following viruses is most likely to cause a persistent infection in humans?

Accepted Answer

Herpesviruses

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a virus family and a disease it causes?

Accepted Answer

Filoviridae – Ebola hemorrhagic fever

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why enveloped viruses are generally less stable in the environment than naked viruses?

Accepted Answer

Their lipid envelope is sensitive to drying, heat, and detergents.

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with rubella. Which of the following statements about rubella virus is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is an RNA virus transmitted primarily via respiratory droplets.

Question 14

Which of the following is a key difference between viroids and viruses?

Accepted Answer

Viroids lack a protein coat, while viruses have one.

Question 15

A patient with a history of intravenous drug use is diagnosed with hepatitis C. Which of the following best describes the genetic material of hepatitis C virus?

Accepted Answer

Single-stranded RNA

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the burst size ($$B) of a $$lytic bacteriophage infection, where $$N_{final} is $$the number of phage particles released and $$N_{infected} is $$the number of infected bacteria?

Accepted Answer

$$B = \frac{N_{final}}{N_{infected}}$$

Question 17

Which of the following viruses is most likely to be oncogenic?

Accepted Answer

Human T-cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV)

Question 18

A patient presents with vesicular lesions around the mouth. Laboratory analysis reveals a double-stranded DNA virus. Which virus is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Herpes Simplex Virus

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the transmission route of filoviruses such as Ebola?

Accepted Answer

Direct contact with bodily fluids of infected individuals

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why influenza viruses can cause annual epidemics?

Accepted Answer

They undergo frequent antigenic drift, leading to new strains each year.

Comprehensive Study Notes: Viruses, Viroids, Prions, and Viral Diseases

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards