Q: Which of the following equations represents the overall reaction for aerobic respiration in bacteria?

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy}$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes in terms of cellular compartmentalization?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes possess membrane-bound organelles, whereas prokaryotes do not.

Question 2

Which scientist is credited with disproving the theory of spontaneous generation using his famous swan-neck flask experiment?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur

Question 3

A Gram-positive bacterium is most likely to have which of the following cell envelope characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A thick peptidoglycan layer and teichoic acids

Question 4

Which metabolic pathway is responsible for the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol and carbon dioxide in yeast cells?

Accepted Answer

Alcoholic fermentation

Question 5

A microbiologist is studying a bacterium that can grow in the absence of oxygen but dies when exposed to it. Which term best describes this organism?

Accepted Answer

Obligate anaerobe

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the net ATP yield from glycolysis per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$2 	ext{ ATP}$

Question 7

During bacterial growth, which phase is characterized by rapid cell division and exponential increase in cell number?

Accepted Answer

Log (exponential) phase

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing feature of archaea compared to bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Archaea possess peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Question 9

A student is asked to identify the genus and species of a newly discovered microbe. According to taxonomic rules, which format should they use?

Accepted Answer

Genus species (italicized)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis by translating mRNA

Question 11

A bacterium is found to be motile and possesses a single flagellum at one end. What is the term for this flagellar arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Monotrichous

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why selective media are used in microbiology?

Accepted Answer

To inhibit the growth of certain microbes while allowing others to grow

Question 13

Which of the following equations represents the overall reaction for aerobic respiration in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of teichoic acids in Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They help anchor the thick peptidoglycan layer to the cell membrane.

Question 15

A patient presents with a bacterial infection. The bacteria are found to be resistant to high osmotic pressure and low pH. Which term best describes these bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Extremophiles

Question 16

Which of the following statements about fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation allows cells to regenerate NAD+ in the absence of oxygen.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between chemotrophs and phototrophs?

Accepted Answer

Chemotrophs use chemicals as an energy source, while phototrophs use light.

Question 18

A microbiologist is testing the effect of temperature on bacterial growth. She observes that growth is optimal at $37^\circ 	ext{C}$, but declines sharply above $45^\circ 	ext{C}$. What type of bacteria is she most likely studying?

Accepted Answer

Mesophiles

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the bacterial growth curve phases?

Accepted Answer

Lag phase: adaptation; Log phase: exponential growth; Stationary phase: nutrient depletion; Death phase: cell death

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the importance of Koch's postulates in microbiology?

Accepted Answer

They establish a systematic approach to prove that a specific microbe causes a specific disease.

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